Effect of Spatial Homogeneity of Spin Polarization on Magnetic Field Response of an Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometer Using a Hybrid Cell of K and Rb Atoms

Yosuke Ito, Hiroyuki Ohnishi, Keigo Kamada +1 more

IEEE Transactions on MagneticsOct 18, 201227 citations

Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Spatial dependence of polarization in optically-pumped Rb vapor cells

Joan Dreiling, Eric B. Norrgard, D. Tupa

Published Jun 15, 2011• 0 citations

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Abstract Hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping (hybrid SEOP) using multiple alkali-metal species is commonly employed to improve the spatial homogeneity of alkali spin polarization in atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers. We investigate the dependence of spin polarization and its spatial homogeneity on the alkali density ratio D r = [ Rb ] / [ Cs ] in Rb–Cs hybrid vapor cells. A series of cells with controlled D r were fabricated and characterized using absolute electron paramagnetic resonance polarimetry at multiple positions along the cell axis. The results show that the density ratio strongly influences both the magnitude and spatial uniformity of alkali polarization through the competition among optical pumping, spin exchange, and spin-destruction processes. An optimal density ratio is observed near D r ≈ 6.59 ± 0.47 , where the polarization reaches its maximum while maintaining high spatial homogeneity (end-to-end ratio ∼89% and RMS homogeneity > 95 % ). Under typical operating conditions, the optimal density ratio lies in the range D r ≈ 4 –10. These results clarify the role of the alkali density ratio in Rb–Cs hybrid SEOP and provide practical guidance for optimizing hybrid vapor cells used in precision atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers.Abstract Hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping (hybrid SEOP) using multiple alkali-metal species is commonly employed to improve the spatial homogeneity of alkali spin polarization in atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers. We investigate the dependence of spin polarization and its spatial homogeneity on the alkali density ratio D r = [ Rb ] / [ Cs ] in Rb–Cs hybrid vapor cells. A series of cells with controlled D r were fabricated and characterized using absolute electron paramagnetic resonance polarimetry at multiple positions along the cell axis. The results show that the density ratio strongly influences both the magnitude and spatial uniformity of alkali polarization through the competition among optical pumping, spin exchange, and spin-destruction processes. An optimal density ratio is observed near D r ≈ 6.59 ± 0.47 , where the polarization reaches its maximum while maintaining high spatial homogeneity (end-to-end ratio ∼89% and RMS homogeneity > 95 % ). Under typical operating conditions, the optimal density ratio lies in the range D r ≈ 4 –10. These results clarify the role of the alkali density ratio in Rb–Cs hybrid SEOP and provide practical guidance for optimizing hybrid vapor cells used in precision atomic magnetometers and comagnetometers.

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Effect of Spatial Homogeneity of Spin Polarization on Magnetic Field Response of an Optically Pumped Atomic Magnetometer Using a Hybrid Cell of K and Rb Atoms

Yosuke Ito, Hiroyuki Ohnishi, Keigo Kamada +1 more

We measured the spatial homogeneity of spin polarization, which is directly related to the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of an optically pumped atomic magnetometer with a hybrid cell of K and Rb atoms. This was done by changing the position of the probe beam. Furthermore, for comparison, we also measured the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of atomic magnetometers with single K and single Rb cells, and found that optically thick atoms were spin polarized homogeneously with the hybrid cell. Optically thin alkali metal vapor can be spin polarized homogeneously, and the spin polarization transfers to an optically thick alkali metal vapor. An atomic magnetometer with the hybrid cell was found to be more effective in realizing simultaneous signal measurements at different locations with the uniform sensitivity and magnetic linewidth.We measured the spatial homogeneity of spin polarization, which is directly related to the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of an optically pumped atomic magnetometer with a hybrid cell of K and Rb atoms. This was done by changing the position of the probe beam. Furthermore, for comparison, we also measured the sensitivity and magnetic linewidth of atomic magnetometers with single K and single Rb cells, and found that optically thick atoms were spin polarized homogeneously with the hybrid cell. Optically thin alkali metal vapor can be spin polarized homogeneously, and the spin polarization transfers to an optically thick alkali metal vapor. An atomic magnetometer with the hybrid cell was found to be more effective in realizing simultaneous signal measurements at different locations with the uniform sensitivity and magnetic linewidth.

IEEE Transactions on MagneticsOct 18, 201227 citations

{D}_{1}

transition, its linear-polarization-dependent transmission can be used as a measure of the atomic orientation of the vapor. We analyze these transmission differences and their dependence on the alkali-metal number density in the vapor.