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AIP conference proceedings

The d=3, fcc, Continuous Spin Ising Model Universality and Confluent Corrections to Scaling

Martin V. Ferer, R. Macy

Published Jan 1, 1976• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have derived tenth‐order, high‐temperature series for the zeroth and second correlation function moments, μ0 and μ2 respectively, of several continuous spin (Landau‐Wilson), nearest neighbor Ising models for the fcc lattice.
DOI
10.1063/1.2946143

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AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1975•1 citation

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arXiv:hep-lat/0406035•Physical Review B•May 19, 2004•9 citations
We have studied the susceptibility of continuous‐spin Landau‐Wilson models on the FCC lattice using exact series expansions through 10‐th order in the inverse temperature. Both order‐disorder (double‐well) and displacive (single‐well) models have been considered. The exponent γ of the dominant singularity is found to be 1.25 for both types of model. The confluent singularity arising from corrections to scaling is found to have the universal value δ=0.5. We discuss in detail the crossover from Gaussian to Ising constant, and find a crossover exponent o/=1 in all dimensions.
We report a detailed study of twelve-term, high-temperature series for the second moment of spin-pair correlations ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)$ and the specific heat cH(t){c}_{H}(t)cH​(t) of the nearest-neighbor spin-sss Ising model in zero magnetic field on the fcc lattice. Near criticality we find ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{2}(t)={A}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\gamma}+2\ensuremath{\nu})}[1 + {B}_{2}(s)t{(s)}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}}+ \ensuremath{\cdots}]$, {$t(s)=\frac{[T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}(s)]}{T}$}, showing a confluent correction to the dominant scaling singularity. To within uncertainties the exponents have the universal (i.e., spin-independent) values $\ensuremath{\nu}={0.638}_{\ensuremath{-}0.008}^{+0.002}$ (with $\ensuremath{\gamma}={1.250}_{\ensuremath{-}0.007}^{+0.003}$) and ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}=0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$. The confluent exponent ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}$ is in reasonable agreement with the correction-to-scaling index derived from earlier analysis of the susceptibility, as predicted by renormalization-group arguments. A similar analysis of the specific heat cH{c}_{H}cH​ for the same model finds no detectable confluent singularities in rather noisy, high-temperature series and gives $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.125\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020$ in general confirmation of earlier s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ estimates. With $\ensuremath{\nu}$ as quoted above the hyperscaling relation $d\ensuremath{\nu}=2\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ at d=3d=3d=3 requires $\ensuremath{\alpha}={0.086}_{\ensuremath{-}0.006}^{+0.024}$ so the validity of hyperscaling remains problematical.
The susceptibility of the spin-sss nearest-neighbor fcc Ising model is studied at zero magnetic field by twelve-term high-temperature series. We find that the data near criticality are consistent with $\ensuremath{\chi}=A(s){t}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}5}{4}}[1+B(s){t}^{{\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}}]$, $t=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{T}_{c}(s)}{T}$. The correction-to-scaling exponent has the universal value ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}=0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ in good agreement with $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-expansion estimates. The confluent amplitude B(s)B(s)B(s) vanishes at s=12s=\frac{1}{2}s=21​ to within uncertainties. Values of the critical parameters are tabulated for a variety of spins.
High-temperature series expansions are used to examine the dependence of critical-point exponents upon lattice anisotropy (different interaction strengths in different directions in the lattice). The two-spin correlation function ${C}_{2}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})$ is calculated to tenth order in (1kBT\frac{1}{{k}_{B}T}kB​T1​) for the Ising Hamiltonian ${\mathcal{H}}_{l \mathrm{anis}}=\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{\mathrm{xy}}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}{S}_{i}^{z}{S}_{j}^{z}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{z}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\stackrel{z}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}{S}_{i}^{z}{S}_{j}^{z}$ for a wide range of anisotropy parameters $R\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{J}_{z}}{{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}}$ and for both the sc and fcc lattices; here the first summation is over all pairs of nearest-neighbor sites whose relative displacement vector ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{\mathrm{ij}}$ has no zzz component, while the second summation is over all other pairs of nearest-neighbor sites. Hence for R=0R=0R=0, both the sc and fcc lattices reduce to the two-dimensional square lattice, while in the limit $R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, the sc becomes a one-dimensional linear chain and the fcc becomes two noninteracting three-dimensional bcc lattices. The series for ${C}_{2}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}})$ are then used to obtain series of corresponding lengths for the specific heat, susceptibility, and second moment. Analysis of these series yields results consistent with the universality hypothesis of critical-point exponents. Specifically, it is found that when lattice anisotrophy is introduced, the critical-point exponents studied (the susceptibility exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$) do not appear to change from their values for an isotropic lattice. The problem of next-nearest-neighbor interactions is treated using similar methods in Paper II of this series (and briefly discussed in this paper).
Of particular current interest is the critical behavior of functions on crossing over from one lattice dimensionality to another. To this end, we report high-temperature series for an Ising model with lattice anisotropy-i.e., with different exchange constants for different lattice directions. The Hamiltonian is ${\mathcal{H}}_{l,\mathrm{anis}}=\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{\mathrm{xy}}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{z}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{z}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}(\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{\mathrm{xy}}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}+R\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{z}{s}_{i}{s}_{j})$ where ${s}_{i}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, the first summation is over all nearest-neighbor pairs in the xy\mathrm{xy}xy plane, and the second sum is over pairs coupled in the zzz direction. The susceptibility, second moment, and specific-heat series are explicitly presented for arbitrary Jxy{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}Jxy​ and Jz{J}_{z}Jz​ for the simple cubic (sc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) lattices to tenth order in inverse temperature. The general-RRR series are essential if one wishes to study the Riedel-Wegner crossover exponent appropriate to changing lattice dimensionality, since for $R\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{J}_{z}}{{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}}=0$, both the sc and fcc lattices reduce to two-dimensional square lattices, while in the limit $R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, the sc reduces to noninteracting linear chains.
We have extended, from order 12 through order 25, the high-temperature series expansions (in zero magnetic field) for the spin-spin correlations of the spin-SSS Ising models on the square, simple-cubic and body-centered-cubic lattices. On the basis of this large set of data, we confirm accurately the validity of the scaling and universality hypotheses by resuming several tests which involve the correlation function, its moments and the exponential or the second-moment correlation lengths.