Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Certifying Fault Tolerance with Gate Set Tomography.

Kenneth Rudinger

Published Mar 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

SAND2016-1901PE Randomized benchmarking is calibration-free! Random-ish sequences  Average decay rates (infidelities). Relatively insensitive to unitary errors. Variants (e.g., RBT, URB) can extract more information, but not entire process matrices and not at Heisenberg limit. RB a useful tool, but incomplete.8

Related papers

Quantum Characterization Verification & Validation (QCVV) Tutorial: Calibration-fee Characterization (invited).

Kenneth Rudinger

SAND2016-1803C  We need "calibration-free" ways of extracting tomographic information. In this episode, we'll review & contrast several modern methods:  Randomized Benchmarking Tomography  Robust Phase Estimation  Gate Set Tomography 2 • (worst-case) error metrics • more than process tomography… • more than benchmarking… Fault Tolerance!Calibration-free characterization!

•Mar 13, 2017•0 citations

Randomized Benchmarking of Almost Any Gate Set

Timothy J Proctor, Arnaud Carignan-Dugas, Melissa Revelle +4 more

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 7, 2018•0 citations

What Randomized Benchmarking Actually Measures

Timothy J Proctor, Kenneth Rudinger, Kevin C Young +2 more

Randomized benchmarking (RB) is widely used to measure an error rate of a set of quantum gates, by performing random circuits that would do nothing if the gates were perfect. In the limit of no finite-sampling error, the exponential decay rate of the observable survival probabilities, versus circuit length, yields a single error metric r. For Clifford gates with arbitrary small errors described by process matrices, r was believed to reliably correspond to the mean, over all Clifford gates, of the average gate infidelity between the imperfect gates and their ideal counterparts. We show that this quantity is not a well-defined property of a physical gate set. It depends on the representations used for the imperfect and ideal gates, and the variant typically computed in the literature can differ from r by orders of magnitude. We present new theories of the RB decay that are accurate for all small errors describable by process matrices, and show that the RB decay curve is a simple exponential for all such errors. These theories allow explicit computation of the error rate that RB measures (r), but as far as we can tell it does not correspond to the infidelity of a physically allowed (completely positive) representation of the imperfect gates.

arXiv:1702.01853•Physical Review Letters•Sep 28, 2017•122 citations

Error per single-qubit gate below 10−4 in a superconducting qubit

Zhiyuan Li, Pei Liu, Peng Zhao +10 more

Abstract Implementing arbitrary single-qubit gates with near perfect fidelity is among the most fundamental requirements in gate-based quantum information processing. In this work, we fabricate a transmon qubit with long coherence times and demonstrate single-qubit gates with the average gate error below 10 −4 , i.e. (7.42 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 by randomized benchmarking (RB). To understand the error sources, we experimentally obtain an error budget, consisting of the decoherence errors lower bounded by (4.62 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 and the leakage rate per gate of (1.16 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 . Moreover, we reconstruct the process matrices for the single-qubit gates by the gate set tomography (GST), with which we simulate RB sequences and obtain single-qubit fidelities consistent with experimental results. We also observe non-Markovian behavior in the experiment of long-sequence GST, which may provide guidance for further calibration. The demonstration extends the upper limit that the average fidelity of single-qubit gates can reach in a transmon-qubit system, and thus can be an essential step towards practical and reliable quantum computation in the near future.

arXiv:2302.08690•npj Quantum Information•Nov 3, 2023•57 citations

Gate-set tomography: calibration-free full characterization of quantum devices using error-amplifying circuits.

Robin Blume-Kohout

•Sep 1, 2014•0 citations

Fault tolerance and error benchmarking for quantum technologies

Robert J. Harris

•Dec 16, 2021•1 citation
Randomized benchmarking (RB) is widely used to measure an error rate of a set of quantum gates, by performing random circuits that would do nothing if the gates were perfect. In the limit of no finite-sampling error, the exponential decay rate of the observable survival probabilities, versus circuit length, yields a single error metric r. For Clifford gates with arbitrary small errors described by process matrices, r was believed to reliably correspond to the mean, over all Clifford gates, of the average gate infidelity between the imperfect gates and their ideal counterparts. We show that this quantity is not a well-defined property of a physical gate set. It depends on the representations used for the imperfect and ideal gates, and the variant typically computed in the literature can differ from r by orders of magnitude. We present new theories of the RB decay that are accurate for all small errors describable by process matrices, and show that the RB decay curve is a simple exponential for all such errors. These theories allow explicit computation of the error rate that RB measures (r), but as far as we can tell it does not correspond to the infidelity of a physically allowed (completely positive) representation of the imperfect gates.
Abstract Implementing arbitrary single-qubit gates with near perfect fidelity is among the most fundamental requirements in gate-based quantum information processing. In this work, we fabricate a transmon qubit with long coherence times and demonstrate single-qubit gates with the average gate error below 10 −4 , i.e. (7.42 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 by randomized benchmarking (RB). To understand the error sources, we experimentally obtain an error budget, consisting of the decoherence errors lower bounded by (4.62 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 and the leakage rate per gate of (1.16 ± 0.04) × 10 −5 . Moreover, we reconstruct the process matrices for the single-qubit gates by the gate set tomography (GST), with which we simulate RB sequences and obtain single-qubit fidelities consistent with experimental results. We also observe non-Markovian behavior in the experiment of long-sequence GST, which may provide guidance for further calibration. The demonstration extends the upper limit that the average fidelity of single-qubit gates can reach in a transmon-qubit system, and thus can be an essential step towards practical and reliable quantum computation in the near future.