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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Real-time generation of time scale signal based on an optical lattice clock

Hidekazu Hachisu, Fumimaru Nakagawa, Yuko Hanado, T. Ido

Published Jul 22, 2016• 0 citations
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In this paper, we present description and characteristics of a compact control system for the transportable optical lattice clocks. The hardware of this system is based on the STM32 microcontroller and the software with a graphical interface implemented by the Python software language. The control system has more than twenty digital outputs, ten analog outputs and the ability to connect the additional modules. This system provides the generation of the digital signals with a time resolution of 10 μs with a high synchronization accuracy when the digital-to-analog converter operates simultaneously with digital signals. We compared our custom the microcontroller-based system with the commercial Real-Time National Instruments system, which is often used in experiments with ultracold atoms. Experiments have shown that using both systems allows to cool 87Sr atoms to a temperature of ∼14 μK. This is enough to load the atoms into an optical lattice and to perform the clock transition spectroscopy.
The optical lattice clocks were proved to be a powerful tool for precision measurement, like measuring the gravitational redshift at tiny gravity potential difference and monitoring the crustal deformations with ultrahigh accuracy. The Floquet optical lattice clock utilizes a time periodical acoustic wave acting on the optical lattice potential. Those atoms trapped in the lattice site will be compelled to move slightly with the modulated potential. These micromotions generate a series of Floquet quasi-energies which the atomic spectra would present for us. In virtue of Floquet engineering optical lattice theoretical model, the periodic acoustic wave signal acting on the lattice potential could be extracted. In this paper, we propose a novel way for acoustic sensing based on a 87Sr Floquet optical lattice clock. It may assist the traditional acoustic sensing technology based on fiber in achieving higher signal-noise ratio and accuracy. From the clockmaker's point of view, it may help us monitoring the environmental acoustic noise caused by vibrations and calibrate in time, especially when the optical clock operating in a movable carrier both on earth and space, what is even more important.
Optical lattice clocks generate pristine timing signals, which advance understanding of physics and open new application opportunities. However, the existing experimental apparatus for such clocks consists of numerous complicated subsystems, and are laborious to assemble. This Letter demonstrates the use of integrated photonics technologies to generate the free-space optical configuration needed to laser cool and trap atomic samples for a lattice clock and to create a frequency-comb supercontinuum to stabilize the lasers for the lattice clock. The authors assemble integrated photonics devices without active alignment, highlighting the potential for scalability in lattice-clock systems.