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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Phase Difference Amplification with Intensity Interferometry and Its Implication

Tomohiro Shirai

Published Jul 22, 2016• 0 citations
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Weak value amplification has been applied to various small physical quantities estimation, however there still lacks a practical feasible protocol to amplify ultra-small longitudinal phase, which is of importance in high precision measurement. Very recently, a different amplification protocol within the framework of weak measurements is proposed to solve this problem, which is capable of measuring any ultra-small longitudinal phase signal that conventional interferometry tries to do. Here we experimentally demonstrate this weak measurements amplification protocol of ultra-small longitudinal phase and realize one order of magnitude amplification in the same technical condition, which verifies the validity of the protocol and show higher precision and sensitivity than conventional interferometry. Our results significantly broaden the area of applications of weak measurements and may play an important role in high precision measurements.

•Jan 1, 2018•2 citations
We present a new technique for improving the sensitivity of an interferometer, phase-shift-amplified interferometry (PAI), which is based on two embedded interferometers. The internal interferometer, which is biased in anti-phase, amplifies the phase shift; the external interferometer converts this into an amplified intensity shift. PAI can improve the sensitivity of standard interferometers by an order of magnitude or more. The theory of PAI, including its enhanced immunity to relative intensity noise, phase noise, and other post-detection noise and distortion components, is presented. We experimentally demonstrate a phase-shift amplification factor of 11.
Phase-shift-amplified interferometry (PAI) is demonstrated using a heterodyne detection scheme. We demonstrate a sensitivity amplification factor of 35, giving 7.9 ⋅ 10 − 4 rad, or 40 pm displacement, resolution. This was achieved due to the improved immunity of PAI to the total relative intensity noise (RIN) of the system. In addition, we predict a factor of 2 fundamental improvement to shot-noise-limited phase-shift sensitivity as compared to a regular heterodyne Mach–Zehnder interferometer.
Weak value amplification has been applied to various small physical quantities estimation, however there still lacks a practical feasible protocol to amplify ultra-small longitudinal phase, which is of importance in high precision measurement. Very recently, a different amplification protocol within the framework of weak measurements is proposed to solve this problem, which is capable of measuring any ultra-small longitudinal phase signal that conventional interferometry tries to do. Here we experimentally demonstrate this weak measurements amplification protocol of ultra-small longitudinal phase and realize one order of magnitude amplification in the same technical condition, which verifies the validity of the protocol and show higher precision and sensitivity than conventional interferometry. Our results significantly broaden the area of applications of weak measurements and may play an important role in high precision measurements.