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Theory of Computing Systems

Collective Quantum Jumps of Rydberg Atoms Undergoing Two-Channel Spontaneous Emission

Lyndon Cayayan

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An analysis is performed on a open quantum system of driven and damped Rydberg atoms.The interactions between Rydberg states are characterized by dipole-dipole energy shifts that give rise to a Rydberg blockade with on-resonant driving, and collective quantum jumps while driving with an off-resonant nonzero detuning.Under fully independent emission the system admits a bistable steady state exhibiting collective quantum jumps, in which quantum fluctuations drive transitions between two bistable values predicted by a quasiclassical meanfield model.When competition between fully independent and fully collective emission is considered in a two-channel emission model, a collective emission enhancement impacts the presence of the quantum jumps by shifting the predicted region of bistability for the system to different values of detuning.It is shown that jumps can be recovered to an extent, but that the bistability is ultimately destroyed under fully collective emission.

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An analysis is performed on a open quantum system of driven and damped Rydberg atoms.The interactions between Rydberg states are characterized by dipole-dipole energy shifts that give rise to a Rydberg blockade with on-resonant driving, and collective quantum jumps while driving with an off-resonant nonzero detuning.Under fully independent emission the system admits a bistable steady state exhibiting collective quantum jumps, in which quantum fluctuations drive transitions between two bistable values predicted by a quasiclassical meanfield model.When competition between fully independent and fully collective emission is considered in a two-channel emission model, a collective emission enhancement impacts the presence of the quantum jumps by shifting the predicted region of bistability for the system to different values of detuning.It is shown that jumps can be recovered to an extent, but that the bistability is ultimately destroyed under fully collective emission.
We study the collective response of a group of dissipative Rydberg atoms to a periodic modulation of the Rydberg excitation laser. Focusing on the emergent collective-jump dynamics, where the system stochastically switches between states with distinct Rydberg excitations, we show that the counting statistics of the state switching is qualitatively changed by the periodic drive. The impact is most prominent when the driving frequency is comparable to the emergent collective-jump rate, as the jumps tend to synchronize with the external drive, and their counting statistics exhibits a series of suppressed subharmonics of the driving frequency. These phenomena are manifestations of a novel type of stochastic resonance, where a cooperative collective state switching is facilitated by quantum fluctuations in a many-body open system. Such a collective quantum stochastic resonance further leads to an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in the power spectrum of the Rydberg excitations, for which the synchronized collective jumps are viewed as the output signal. We confirm the many-body quantum nature of the resonance by devising a cluster model, under which the role of many-body correlations is analyzed by changing the size of the atom clusters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
When atoms are excited to high-lying Rydberg states they interact strongly with dipolar forces. The resulting state-dependent level shifts allow us to study many-body systems displaying intriguing nonequilibrium phenomena, such as constrained spin systems, and are at the heart of numerous technological applications, e.g., in quantum simulation and computation platforms. Here, we show that these interactions also have a significant impact on dissipative effects caused by the inevitable coupling of Rydberg atoms to the surrounding electromagnetic field. We demonstrate that their presence modifies the frequency of the photons emitted from the Rydberg atoms, making it dependent on the local neighborhood of the emitting atom. Interactions among Rydberg atoms thus turn spontaneous emission into a many-body process which manifests, in a thermodynamically consistent Markovian setting, in the emergence of collective jump operators in the quantum master equation governing the dynamics. We discuss how this collective dissipation-stemming from a mechanism different from the much studied superradiance and subradiance-accelerates decoherence and affects dissipative phase transitions in Rydberg ensembles.
The realization of a Jaynes-Cummings model in the optical domain is proposed for an atomic ensemble. The scheme exploits the collective coupling of the atoms to a quantized cavity mode and the nonlinearity introduced by coupling to high-lying Rydberg states. A two-photon transition resonantly couples the single-atom ground state $|g\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to a Rydberg state $|e\ensuremath{\rangle}$ via a nonresonant intermediate state $|i\ensuremath{\rangle}$, but due to the interaction between Rydberg atoms only a single atom can be resonantly excited in the ensemble. This restricts the state space of the ensemble to the collective ground state $|G\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and the collectively excited state $|E\ensuremath{\rangle}$ with a single Rydberg excitation distributed evenly on all atoms. The collectively enhanced coupling of all atoms to the cavity field with coherent coupling strengths which are much larger than the decay rates in the system leads to the strong coupling regime of the resulting effective Jaynes-Cummings model. We use numerical simulations to show that the cavity transmission can be used to reveal detailed properties of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder of excited states and that the atomic nonlinearity gives rise to highly nontrivial photon emission from the cavity. Finally, we suggest that the absence of interactions between remote Rydberg atoms may, due to a combinatorial effect, induce a cavity-assisted excitation blockade whose range is larger than the typical Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction length.
Interaction between Rydberg atoms can significantly modify Rydberg excitation dynamics. Under a resonant driving field the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction in high-lying states can induce shifts in the atomic resonance such that a secondary Rydberg excitation becomes unlikely leading to the Rydberg blockade effect. In a related effect, off-resonant coupling of light to Rydberg states of atoms contributes to the Rydberg anti-blockade effect where the Rydberg interaction creates a resonant condition that promotes a secondary excitation in a Rydberg atomic gas. Here, we study the light-matter interaction and dynamics of off-resonant two-photon excitations and include two- and three-atom Rydberg interactions and their effect on excited state dynamics in an ensemble of cold atoms. In an experimentally-motivated regime, we find the optimal physical parameters such as Rabi frequencies, two-photon detuning, and pump duration to achieve significant enhancement in the probability of generating doubly-excited collective atomic states. This results in large auto-correlation values due to the Rydberg anti-blockade effect and makes this system a potential candidate for a high-purity two-photon Fock state source.