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arXiv:1109.6506 · Physical Review Letters

Collective Quantum Jumps of Rydberg Atoms

Tony E. Lee, Hartmut Häffner, M. C. Cross

Published Jan 9, 2012• 201 citations
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Abstract

We study an open quantum system of atoms with a long-range Rydberg interaction, laser driving, and spontaneous emission. Over time, the system occasionally jumps between a state of low Rydberg population and a state of high Rydberg population. The jumps are inherently collective, and in fact, exist only for a large number of atoms. We explain how entanglement and quantum measurement enable the jumps, which are otherwise classically forbidden.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.108.023602

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We study an open quantum system of atoms with a long-range Rydberg interaction, laser driving, and spontaneous emission. Over time, the system occasionally jumps between a state of low Rydberg population and a state of high Rydberg population. The jumps are inherently collective, and in fact, exist only for a large number of atoms. We explain how entanglement and quantum measurement enable the jumps, which are otherwise classically forbidden.
We study the collective response of a group of dissipative Rydberg atoms to a periodic modulation of the Rydberg excitation laser. Focusing on the emergent collective-jump dynamics, where the system stochastically switches between states with distinct Rydberg excitations, we show that the counting statistics of the state switching is qualitatively changed by the periodic drive. The impact is most prominent when the driving frequency is comparable to the emergent collective-jump rate, as the jumps tend to synchronize with the external drive, and their counting statistics exhibits a series of suppressed subharmonics of the driving frequency. These phenomena are manifestations of a novel type of stochastic resonance, where a cooperative collective state switching is facilitated by quantum fluctuations in a many-body open system. Such a collective quantum stochastic resonance further leads to an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio in the power spectrum of the Rydberg excitations, for which the synchronized collective jumps are viewed as the output signal. We confirm the many-body quantum nature of the resonance by devising a cluster model, under which the role of many-body correlations is analyzed by changing the size of the atom clusters. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
An analysis is performed on a open quantum system of driven and damped Rydberg atoms.The interactions between Rydberg states are characterized by dipole-dipole energy shifts that give rise to a Rydberg blockade with on-resonant driving, and collective quantum jumps while driving with an off-resonant nonzero detuning.Under fully independent emission the system admits a bistable steady state exhibiting collective quantum jumps, in which quantum fluctuations drive transitions between two bistable values predicted by a quasiclassical meanfield model.When competition between fully independent and fully collective emission is considered in a two-channel emission model, a collective emission enhancement impacts the presence of the quantum jumps by shifting the predicted region of bistability for the system to different values of detuning.It is shown that jumps can be recovered to an extent, but that the bistability is ultimately destroyed under fully collective emission.
Atoms excited to high lying g quantum states, so-called Rydberg atoms, are highly polarizable and, therefore interact strongly with each other at large distances. One result of these interactions is the Rydberg dipole blockade effect, in which strongly interacting atoms excited by the same driving pulse may prevent other atoms from getting excited. This blockade offers several applications, for example the realization of quantum logic gates [1] and the possibility \nof creating entangled states with two atoms [2].