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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Partial symmetry transformation to compute topological invariants of interacting fermionic SPTs

Hassan Shapourian, Ken Shiozaki, Shinsei Ryu

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
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In recent years, great success has been achieved on the classification of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases for interacting fermion systems by using generalized cohomology theory. However, the explicit calculation of generalized cohomology theory is extremely hard due to the difficulty of computing obstruction functions. Based on the physical picture of topological invariants and mathematical techniques in homotopy algebra, we develop an algorithm to resolve this hard problem. It is well known that cochains in the cohomology of the symmetry group, which are used to enumerate the SPT phases, can be expressed equivalently in different linear bases, known as the resolutions. By expressing the cochains in a reduced resolution containing much fewer basis than the choice commonly used in previous studies, the computational cost is drastically reduced. In particular, it reduces the computational cost for infinite discrete symmetry groups, like the wallpaper groups and space groups, from infinity to finity. As examples, we compute the classification of two-dimensional interacting fermionic SPT phases, for all 17 wallpaper symmetry groups.

arXiv:2005.06572•Chinese Physics Letters•Dec 1, 2021•11 citations
Finding suitable nonlocal order parameters that distinguish various symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases is an important subject in view of experimental and numerical detection of SPT phases. By ``simulating'' the generating manifold of cobordism group in the operator formalism, the authors here propose nonlocal operations as diagnoses for SPT phases protected by point group symmetries. The nonlocal operations involve ``partial point group transformations'', which are obtained by point group transformations restricted to a spatial subregion on a given ground-state wave function. Through analytical and numerical calculations, the authors show that the complex U(1)U(1)U(1) phase of the ground state expectation value of such partial point group transformations may serve as an order parameter for those SPT phases. The examples in the paper include the Z8{Z}_{8}Z8​ and Z16{Z}_{16}Z16​ invariants of topological superconductors protected by inversion symmetry in (1+1)(1+1)(1+1) and (3+1)(3+1)(3+1) dimensions, respectively, as well as the lens space topological invariants in (2+1)(2+1)(2+1)-dimensional fermionic topological phases.
We define and compute many-body topological invariants of interacting fermionic symmetry-protected topological phases, protected by an orientation-reversing symmetry, such as time-reversal or reflection symmetry. The topological invariants are given by partition functions obtained by a path integral on unoriented spacetime which, as we show, can be computed for a given ground state wave function by considering a nonlocal operation, "partial" reflection or transpose. As an application of our scheme, we study the Z_{8} and Z_{16} classification of topological superconductors in one and three dimensions.
In recent years, great success has been achieved on the classification of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases for interacting fermion systems by using generalized cohomology theory. However, the explicit calculation of generalized cohomology theory is extremely hard due to the difficulty of computing obstruction functions. Based on the physical picture of topological invariants and mathematical techniques in homotopy algebra, we develop an algorithm to resolve this hard problem. It is well known that cochains in the cohomology of the symmetry group, which are used to enumerate the SPT phases, can be expressed equivalently in different linear bases, known as the resolutions. By expressing the cochains in a reduced resolution containing much fewer basis than the choice commonly used in previous studies, the computational cost is drastically reduced. In particular, it reduces the computational cost for infinite discrete symmetry groups, like the wallpaper groups and space groups, from infinity to finity. As examples, we compute the classification of two-dimensional interacting fermionic SPT phases, for all 17 wallpaper symmetry groups.