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Acta Physica Sinica

Measurement of superposition of orbit angular momentum states of photons by fork-like grating

Fangwei Ye, Li Yong-Ping, (1)中国科学技术大学物理系,合肥 230026; (2)中国科学技术大学物理系,合肥 230026;中国科学技术大学结构分析开放实验室,合肥 230026

Published Jan 1, 2003• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) mode carries a well-defined orbit angular momentum. We have designed a fork-like grating to measure the superposition of two LG modes. It is useful in the high-dimensional quantum communication.
DOI
10.7498/aps.52.328

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Spatially structured photons have attracted a lot of attention in quantum photonics, where they often serve as powerful tools for investigating fundamental properties of light, and for realizing high-dimensional quantum states with beneficial properties in quantum information tasks such as cryptography or quantum simulations [1] . One way of describing any spatial structure, in the paraxial limit, is through orthogonal transverse-spatial modes e.g. Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. A unique feature of higher order LG modes is their twisted phase front, to which a theoretically unbounded orbital angular momentum can be attributed.
Two different experimental techniques for preparing and analysing superpositions of Gaussian and Laguerre–Gaussian modes are presented. These involve exploiting an interferometric method in one case and using computer-generated holograms in the other. It is shown that by shifting a hologram with respect to an incoming Gaussian beam, different superpositions of the Gaussian and the Laguerre–Gaussian beam can be produced. An analytical expression connecting the relative phase, the amplitudes of the modes and the displacement of the hologram is given. The application of such orbital angular momenta superpositions in quantum experiments such as quantum cryptography is discussed.
Photons were generated possessing orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the form of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser modes. Three Mach-Zehnder interferometer systems, with the use of Dove prisms, were constructed to sort and detect the LG modes based on their OAM state. Successful generating, sorting, and detecting of LG modes is the first step towards information encoding and decoding via lasers. It is possible to generate many LG modes, which can be orthogonally decoded. With many modes to encode information with it is possible to transfer more than one bit of information with a single photon using LG encoding. An experimental test of this concept was performed by demonstrating the generation and sorting of LG modes with attenuated intensities averaging below one photon passing through the system at a time. In summary, generating, sorting, and low-power detecting of specific LG modes were all demonstrated.
Accurate reconstruction of the complex spectrum of orbital angular momentum (OAM) superposition states is crucial for their application in high-capacity optical communications and quantum information, yet existing methods are often constrained by system complexity, extensive data requirements, or incomplete information retrieval. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an iterative algorithm that enables high-fidelity recovery of the complex OAM spectrum of high-dimensional superpositions from only a few sparsely sampled patterns. The method integrates the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modal basis as an a priori constraint, which enables the direct retrieval of spectral coefficients by circumventing intermediate field reconstruction. To validate its performance, we reconstructed a test field composed of a random superposition of 21 LG modes, achieving fidelities of 99.3% in simulation and 97.2% in experiment using only four sparse sampling patterns. This work provides an efficient and robust tool for characterizing high-dimensional structured light, with significant potential in optical communication and quantum science.