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Physical Review A

Single-photon superradiant emission rate scaling for atoms trapped in a photonic waveguide

Yao Zhou, Zihao Chen, Jung‐Tsung Shen

Published Apr 21, 2017• 38 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A recent experiment reveals the linear scaling property of the superradiant emission rate for a trapped atom cloud that is excited by weak and short light pulses. We adopt a real-space approach to numerically demonstrate that such a linear scaling law can be interpreted as single-photon superradiance, in both the time domain and the frequency domain. The dependence of the single-photon superradiant emission rate on the distance between atoms is investigated. We further study the single-photon superradiance for artificial atoms that have deviations in transition frequencies and decay rates.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.95.043832

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In a waveguide-QED system, under certain condition, the spontaneous emission rate of an atom cloud with a single excitation can be enhanced. Single-photon superradiance refers to the case when the enhancement attains its maximum. We show that an atom cloud exhibiting single-photon superradiance can be described by an effective two-level system. We also adopt a real space numerical approach to validate the understanding of single-photon superradiance using such an effective mapping picture. We further numerically investigate the spontaneous emission of superradiant state and dark state.
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The collective nature of light emission by atomic ensembles yields fascinating effects such as superradiance and radiation trapping even at the single-photon level. Light emission is influenced by virtual transitions and the collective Lamb shift which yields peculiar features in temporal evolution of the atomic system. We study how two-dimensional atomic structures collectively emit a single photon. Namely, we consider spherical, cylindrical, and spheroidal shells with two-level atoms continuously distributed on the shell surface and find exact analytical solutions for eigenstates of such systems and their collective decay rates and frequency shifts. We identify states which undergo superradiant decay and states which are trapped and investigate how size and shape of the shell affects collective light emission. Our findings could be useful for quantum information storage and the design of optical switches.
The collective nature of light emission by atomic ensembles yields fascinating effects such as superradiance and radiation trapping even at the single-photon level.Light emission is influenced by virtual transitions and the collective Lamb shift which yields peculiar features in temporal evolution of the atomic system.We study how two-dimensional atomic structures collectively emit a single photon.Namely, we consider spherical, cylindrical, and spheroidal shells with two-level atoms continuously distributed on the shell surface and find exact analytical solutions for eigenstates of such systems and their collective decay rates and frequency shifts.We identify states which undergo superradiant decay and states which are trapped and investigate how size and shape of the shell affects collective light emission.Our findings could be useful for quantum information storage and the design of optical switches.
We study the collective spontaneous emission of a linear atomic chain excited by a single photon. The interaction between the atoms and the common vacuum field can significantly change the eigenenergy and the spontaneous emission rate of the system. Due to the dipole-dipole interactions, the system prepared in a single-photon timed Dicke state is the superposition of superradiant and subradiant eigenstates that can have a nonexponential decay dynamics. We can tune the frequency and linewidth of the superradiant and subradiant emission from a timed Dicke state by changing the direction of the atomic dipole moment or the atomic separation. In addition, the emission direction of the superradiant and subradiant photons also depends on the polarization of the atoms.