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Quantum Information Processing

Dynamical behavior of atom–photon entanglement for a four-level atom near the band edge of a 3D-anisotropic photonic crystal

Mostafa Sahrai, V. Tahmoorian Askari Boroojerdi

Published Apr 18, 2017• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-017-1590-2

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The coherent control of the entanglement between a three-level atom located within a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) material, with one transition frequency near the edge of the PBG, and its radiation field is demonstrated. As a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the entanglement can be decreased or increased depending on the relative phase between the control laser coupling, the two upper levels and the pump laser pulse used to create an excited state of the atom in the form of a coherent superposition of the two upper levels. Unlike the free-space case, the steady-state entanglement is strongly dependent on the externally prescribed initial conditions. This non-zero steady-state entanglement is achieved by virtue of the localization of light in the vicinity of the emitting atom.
The entanglement dynamics of a V-type three-level atom and its radiation field near the band edge of a photonic crystal is investigated. It is shown that the entanglement dynamics experiences periodic oscillation behavior with a constant amplitude, and can be enhanced or reduced by the quantum interference between the two atomic transitions. These properties depend strongly on the relative position between the upper levels and the band edge, and on the initial state of the atom. There is a special position at which the time evolution of the entanglement changes from oscillating to constant in long time limits.
The spontaneous emission from a microwave-driven four-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal is studied. Due to the modified density of state (DOS) in the anisotropic photonic band gap (PBG) and the coherent control induced by the coupling fields, spontaneous emission can be significantly enhanced when the position of the spontaneous emission peak gets close to the band gap edge. As a result of the closed-loop interaction between the fields and the atom, the spontaneous emission depends on the dynamically induced Autler–Townes splitting and its position relative to the PBG. Interesting phenomena, such as spectral-line suppression, enhancement and narrowing, and fluorescence quenching, appear in the spontaneous emission spectra, which are modulated by amplitudes and phases of the coherently driven fields and the effect of PBG. This theoretical study can provide us with more efficient methods to manipulate the atomic spontaneous emission.