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International Journal of Information and Computer Security

A Novel Quantum Distributed Key Management Protocol for Ring-organized Group

Mohamed Benmohammed, Rima Djellab

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Key distribution is a core building block for secure communication. In group communication, key distribution is not a simple extension of two-party communication. Many approaches were proposed in the classical field. Nevertheless, they are still based on the assumption that some computational problems are hard. Based on quantum mechanics lows, new field emerges allowing to generate and share a secret and secure key between two, or more, participants. In this paper, we propose new multiparty key distribution protocol in ring-organised communication group based on the well-known quantum key distribution protocol BB84. The security of the proposed solution is based on the unconditional security of the BB84 allowed by the mechanics lows and the mathematical proved secure operation XOR. In our proposed solution, each participant collaborates with a partial key in order to obtain at the end of the protocol the same group key that can be used for encryption aims. We also analyse and verify security properties of the proposed protocol. This is done using a probabilistic symbolic model-checker, the PRISM tool.

DOI
10.1504/ijics.2017.10004329

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Key distribution is a core building block for secure communication. In group communication, key distribution is not a simple extension of two-party communication. Many approaches were proposed in the classical field. Nevertheless, they are still based on the assumption that some computational problems are hard. Based on quantum mechanics lows, new field emerges allowing to generate and share a secret and secure key between two, or more, participants. In this paper, we propose new multiparty key distribution protocol in ring-organised communication group based on the well-known quantum key distribution protocol BB84. The security of the proposed solution is based on the unconditional security of the BB84 allowed by the mechanics lows and the mathematical proved secure operation XOR. In our proposed solution, each participant collaborates with a partial key in order to obtain at the end of the protocol the same group key that can be used for encryption aims. We also analyse and verify security properties of the proposed protocol. This is done using a probabilistic symbolic model-checker, the PRISM tool.
Key distribution is a core building block for secure communication. In group communication, key distribution is not a simple extension of two-party communication. Many approaches were proposed in the classical field. Nevertheless, they are still based on the assumption that some computational problems are hard. Based on quantum mechanics lows, new field emerges allowing to generate and share a secret and secure key between two, or more, participants. In this paper, we propose new multiparty key distribution protocol in ring-organised communication group based on the well-known quantum key distribution protocol BB84. The security of the proposed solution is based on the unconditional security of the BB84 allowed by the mechanics lows and the mathematical proved secure operation XOR. In our proposed solution, each participant collaborates with a partial key in order to obtain at the end of the protocol the same group key that can be used for encryption aims. We also analyse and verify security properties of the proposed protocol. This is done using a probabilistic symbolic model-checker, the PRISM tool.
Quantum key distribution protocols use quantum information theories to guarantee the security of key exchange procedure, and model checking is a verification technique which could be used to test the security of it. In this paper, a new group quantum key distribution protocol is designed based on BB84 protocol, which is a possible solution to handle the security issue in communication between multi-users. Discrete time Markov chain and probabilistic computation tree logic are used to model the protocol procedure and verify its security properties in PRISM. Also, we provide the theoretical proof for this group protocol, which supports the model checking results from PRISM. Our study gives an insight into some of the major difficulties of quantum security protocol design and analysis.
This paper presents a novel protocol for distributed key generation (DKG) leveraging quantum entanglement. The core claim is to demonstrate the secure and efficient generation of a shared secret key among multiple parties using the unique properties of entangled quantum states. The protocol utilizes a specifically designed entangled state shared between the participating nodes. This shared state facilitates the synchronous generation of keys across the distributed network. The key innovation lies in the enhanced security provided by the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, eliminating the vulnerabilities inherent in classical DKG protocols susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Furthermore, the protocol aims to improve key generation efficiency by utilizing the inherent correlations present within the entangled state. We detail the mathematical formulation of the protocol, including the state preparation, entanglement distribution, and key extraction phases. The proposed approach offers a promising direction for secure communication in quantum networks.
Classical cryptographic systems are increasingly challenged by advances in computing power and new algorithmic techniques, particularly with the rise of quantum computing, which threatens the security of current encryption methods. This has spurred interest in quantum-resistant cryptography, aimed at creating algorithms that can withstand attacks from quantum computers. Traditionally, secure key transport over alternate channels has been a significant challenge, but quantum mechanics offers a solution. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a revolutionary method for secure communication that leverages quantum principles. Unlike traditional methods, QKD provides unconditional security, with key security ensured by the laws of physics rather than computational difficulty. The BB84 protocol, introduced in 1984 by Bennett and Brassard, is a leading QKD scheme known for its simplicity and effectiveness in generating eavesdropping-resistant cryptographic keys. It facilitates secure key transport over alternate channels. This documentation aims to advance QKD security by practically implementing and analyzing the BB84 protocol. Through detailed theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and experimental validation, the practical impacts, and limitations of BB84-based QKD systems are examined. Additionally, a practical implementation of quantum key distribution using a sudoku key demonstrates the process's simplicity and effectiveness. These findings are expected to pave new paths in the field of cryptanalysis in the emerging Quantum Age.
In a secure communication, a one‐time session key is needed to be shared among all participants. Most well‐known key distribution schemes, such as Diffie–Hellman public‐key key distribution scheme invented in 1976 and quantum key distribution scheme invented in 1984 (also called the BB84 scheme), can only allow two users to share a key in conventional one‐to‐one communications. There are many research papers in the literature to propose group key distribution schemes for multiple participants in modern group communications. In this study, the authors propose lightweight group key distributions using pre‐shared pairwise keys. The authors first propose a three‐party group key distribution scheme. They then extend the basic three‐party scheme to establish a group key for a large size of group communications. The proposed generalised schemes can be based to any type of pairwise key distribution schemes, e.g. either quantum or non‐quantum. Moreover, both generalised multi‐party group key distribution schemes are lightweight. The main operations in the proposed schemes are key comparison between two or more than two keys (i.e. logic XOR operation) and the computation of key derivation functions.
The Tree Multiparty Quantum Key Agreement Protocol (TMQKAP) is introduced as a novel solution for secure quantum key agreement among multiple participants, specifically tailored for tree topologies. Based on the BB84 protocol, TMQKAP employs hierarchical tree structures and XOR operations to facilitate efficient and secure key generation. Key elements are exchanged among participants in an equitable manner, ensuring that each participant contributes equally to the generation of the shared key. The protocol demonstrates robust security, effectively defending against both external and internal attacks, and achieves a quantum efficiency of 1/2 (N −1), where N is the number of participants. Thorough security analysis and simulations show TMQKAP’s robustness against various attacks while maintaining high efficiency. Additionally, the protocol is readily implementable with current quantum technologies, utilizing single-photon transmission to facilitate secure key distribution.