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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Photon thermalization and condensation in circuit QED by engineered dissipation

D. Crespo Marcos, Andrea Tomadin, Sebastian Diehl, Peter Rabl, P. Zoller

Published Feb 27, 2012• 1 citation
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Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that, by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e., single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture.
We study photon condensation phenomena in a driven and dissipative array of superconducting microwave resonators.Specifically, we show that by using an appropriately designed coupling of microwave photons to superconducting qubits, an effective dissipative mechanism can be engineered, which scatters photons towards low-momentum states while conserving their number.This mimics a tunable coupling of bosons to a low-temperature bath, and leads to the formation of a stationary photon condensate in the presence of losses and under continuous-driving conditions.In this paper, we propose a realistic experimental setup to observe this effect in two or multiple coupled cavities, and study the characteristics of such an out-of-equilibrium condensate, which arise from the competition between pumping and dissipation processes.