Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable $^{3}P_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultraprecise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the $^{3}P_{2}$ fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the $^{3}P_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$ clock transition are $0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}$ , $2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{43}\mathrm{Ca}$ , $7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ , $43.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ , and $38.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ . Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the $^{3}P_{2}$ states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable $^{3}P_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultraprecise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the $^{3}P_{2}$ fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the $^{3}P_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$ clock transition are $0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}$, $2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{43}\mathrm{Ca}$, $7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$, $43.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$, and $38.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}$ for $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$. Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the $^{3}P_{2}$ states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.

arXiv:physics/0312006Physical Review AApr 7, 2004117 citations

Measurement of the Hyperfine Quenching Rate of the Clock Transition in Yb171

Chenyu Xu, Jaideep Taggart Singh, Jake Zappala +8 more

We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}{S}_{0}(F=1/2)\ensuremath{-}6s6p\text{ }^{3}{P}_{0}(F=1/2)$ transition in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ with nuclear spin $I=1/2$ . This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying $^{3}{P}_{0,1}$ levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating $^{3}{P}_{0}$ . The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the $^{3}{P}_{0}$ hyperfine quenching rate to be $(4.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for free $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ , which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}{S}_{0}(F=1/2)\ensuremath{-}6s6p\text{ }^{3}{P}_{0}(F=1/2)$ transition in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ with nuclear spin $I=1/2$. This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying $^{3}{P}_{0,1}$ levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating $^{3}{P}_{0}$. The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the $^{3}{P}_{0}$ hyperfine quenching rate to be $(4.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for free $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$, which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.

arXiv:1406.2340Physical Review LettersJul 18, 201412 citations

Hyperfine quenching of the metastable ^3P~0~,~2 states in divalent atoms (6 pages)

Andrei Derevianko, S. G. Porsev

Physical Review AJan 1, 20042 citations

Dynamic polarizabilities and triply magic trapping conditions for 5s2S01→5s5p3P0,2 transitions of Cd atoms

Ru-Kui Zhang, Jun Jiang, Chenzhong Dong +1 more

The dynamic electric dipole polarizabilities of the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$ , $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ , and $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ states for Cd atoms are calculated using the relativistic configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory method. The magic wavelengths for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ transitions within a range of 300--500 nm are identified. The possibility of achieving triple magic trapping for the transitions $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ is investigated. It is found that no common magic wavelength could be identified for achieving triple magic trapping with the linearly polarized light. However, if the degree of ellipticity is between 0.358 and 1, the triple magic trapping can be achieved at 419.88 nm for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ $({M}_{i}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ transitions.The dynamic electric dipole polarizabilities of the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$, $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$, and $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ states for Cd atoms are calculated using the relativistic configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory method. The magic wavelengths for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ transitions within a range of 300--500 nm are identified. The possibility of achieving triple magic trapping for the transitions $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ is investigated. It is found that no common magic wavelength could be identified for achieving triple magic trapping with the linearly polarized light. However, if the degree of ellipticity is between 0.358 and 1, the triple magic trapping can be achieved at 419.88 nm for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ $({M}_{i}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ transitions.

arXiv:2403.05898Physical Review AMar 27, 20247 citations

Hyperfine Structure in the $^{87}$ Rb $_{2}$ $1_{g}$ State Below $5^{2}S+5^{2}P_{1/2}$ Hyperfine Structure in the $^{87}$Rb$_{2}$ $1_{g}$ State Below $5^{2}S+5^{2}P_{1/2}$

T. H. Bergeman, Eite Tiesinga, Paul S. Julienne +2 more

APSJun 1, 20121 citation

Hyperfine quenching rates of

nsnp\,^3P_0-ns^2\,^1S_0

transition in

^{25}

Mg,

^{87}

Sr and

^{113}

Hyperfine quenching rates of the lowest-energy metastable

^{3}P_{0}

and

^{3}P_{2}

states of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Yb atoms are computed. The calculations are carried out using ab initio relativistic many-body methods. The computed lifetimes may be useful for designing novel ultraprecise optical clocks and trapping experiments with the

^{3}P_{2}

fermionic isotopes. The resulting natural widths of the $^{3}P_{0}\ensuremath{-}^{1}S_{0}$ clock transition are

0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}

for

^{25}\mathrm{Mg}

2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}

for

^{43}\mathrm{Ca}

7.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}

for

^{87}\mathrm{Sr}

43.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}

for

^{171}\mathrm{Yb}

, and

38.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{mHz}

for

^{173}\mathrm{Yb}

. Compared to the bosonic isotopes, the lifetime of the

^{3}P_{2}

states in fermionic isotopes is noticeably shortened by the hyperfine quenching but still remains long enough for trapping experiments.

We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}{S}_{0}(F=1/2)\ensuremath{-}6s6p\text{ }^{3}{P}_{0}(F=1/2)$ transition in

^{171}\mathrm{Yb}

with nuclear spin

I=1/2

. This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying

^{3}{P}_{0,1}

levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating

^{3}{P}_{0}

. The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the

^{3}{P}_{0}

hyperfine quenching rate to be $(4.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for free

^{171}\mathrm{Yb}

, which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.

The dynamic electric dipole polarizabilities of the

5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}

5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}

, and

5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}

states for Cd atoms are calculated using the relativistic configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory method. The magic wavelengths for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ transitions within a range of 300--500 nm are identified. The possibility of achieving triple magic trapping for the transitions $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ is investigated. It is found that no common magic wavelength could be identified for achieving triple magic trapping with the linearly polarized light. However, if the degree of ellipticity is between 0.358 and 1, the triple magic trapping can be achieved at 419.88 nm for the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ $({M}_{i}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ and $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{0}$ transitions.

Hyperfine Structure in the

^{87}

_{2}

1_{g}

State Below

5^{2}S+5^{2}P_{1/2}