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Charge state dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond under near-infrared excitation

Ji Peng, Meenakshi Dutt

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMay 26, 20160 citations

Photo-induced charge state switching of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Luke R. P. Hacquebard, Loutfi Kuret, Lilian Childress

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyMar 16, 20170 citations

High-efficiency, high-fidelity charge initialization of shallow nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Marjana Mahdia, Artur Lozovoi, Jared Rovny +3 more

Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond exhibit long spin coherence times, optical initialization, and optical spin readout under ambient conditions, making them excellent quantum sensors. However, the conventional scheme for charge state initialization based on off-resonant green excitation results in significant state preparation errors, typically around 30%. One method for improving charge state initialization fidelity is to use multicolor excitation, which has been demonstrated to achieve a near-unity preparation fidelity for bulk NV centers by using a few milliseconds of near-infrared (5 mW) and green (10 μW) excitation. The translation of such schemes to NV centers near the diamond surface with higher efficiency optical pumping would enable myriad tasks in nanoscale sensing. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for efficient charge initialization of shallow NV centers between 5 nm and 15 nm from the diamond surface. By carefully studying the charge dynamics of shallow NV centers, we identify a region of parameter space that allows for near-unity (95%) charge initialization within 300 μs of near-infrared (1 mW) and green (10 μW) excitation. The time to 90% charge initialization can be as fast as 10 μs for 4 mW of near-infrared and 39 μW of green illumination. This fast, efficient charge initialization protocol will enable nanoscale sensing applications where state preparation errors currently prohibit scaling, such as measuring higher-order multi-point correlators.Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond exhibit long spin coherence times, optical initialization, and optical spin readout under ambient conditions, making them excellent quantum sensors. However, the conventional scheme for charge state initialization based on off-resonant green excitation results in significant state preparation errors, typically around 30%. One method for improving charge state initialization fidelity is to use multicolor excitation, which has been demonstrated to achieve a near-unity preparation fidelity for bulk NV centers by using a few milliseconds of near-infrared (5 mW) and green (10 μW) excitation. The translation of such schemes to NV centers near the diamond surface with higher efficiency optical pumping would enable myriad tasks in nanoscale sensing. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for efficient charge initialization of shallow NV centers between 5 nm and 15 nm from the diamond surface. By carefully studying the charge dynamics of shallow NV centers, we identify a region of parameter space that allows for near-unity (95%) charge initialization within 300 μs of near-infrared (1 mW) and green (10 μW) excitation. The time to 90% charge initialization can be as fast as 10 μs for 4 mW of near-infrared and 39 μW of green illumination. This fast, efficient charge initialization protocol will enable nanoscale sensing applications where state preparation errors currently prohibit scaling, such as measuring higher-order multi-point correlators.

arXiv:2506.00707Physical Review AppliedDec 9, 20252 citations

Near-infrared-assisted charge control and spin readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

David A. Hopper, Richard R. Grote, Annemarie L. Exarhos +1 more

We utilize nonlinear absorption to design all-optical protocols that improve both charge-state initialization and spin readout for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Nonmonotonic variations in the equilibrium charge state as a function of visible and near-infrared optical power are attributed to competing multiphoton absorption processes. In certain regimes, multicolor illumination enhances the steady-state population of the NV's negative charge state above 90%. At higher NIR intensities, selective ionization of the singlet manifold facilitates a protocol for spin-to-charge conversion that dramatically enhances the spin readout fidelity. We demonstrate a sixfold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for single-shot spin measurements and demonstrate a pathway towards single-shot electron spin readout at room temperature.We utilize nonlinear absorption to design all-optical protocols that improve both charge-state initialization and spin readout for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Nonmonotonic variations in the equilibrium charge state as a function of visible and near-infrared optical power are attributed to competing multiphoton absorption processes. In certain regimes, multicolor illumination enhances the steady-state population of the NV's negative charge state above 90%. At higher NIR intensities, selective ionization of the singlet manifold facilitates a protocol for spin-to-charge conversion that dramatically enhances the spin readout fidelity. We demonstrate a sixfold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio for single-shot spin measurements and demonstrate a pathway towards single-shot electron spin readout at room temperature.

arXiv:1606.06600Physical review. B./Physical review. BDec 9, 201676 citations

Mechanism of IR assisted charge state conversion of nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond

N. V. Nguyen, Juil Hwang, Seunghyun Bang +4 more

Journal of the Korean Physical SocietyJun 17, 20251 citation

Photo-ionization of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Neil B. Manson, J. P. Harrison

Near-infrared induced charge dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

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