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Supplement 1: Optimal design for universal multiport interferometers

William R. Clements, Peter C. Humphreys, Benjamin J. Metcalf +2 more

A. Method for characterizing elements of a realistic circuit. B. General decomposition procedure. Originally published in Optica on 20 December 2016 (optica-3-12-1460)

Jan 1, 20160 citations

Minimum optical depth multiport interferometers for approximating arbitrary unitary operations and pure states

Anonymous

Physical Review AMay 19, 20250 citations

Robust and scalable integrated optical unitary processors based on all-to-all-coupled interferometers

Ryota Tanomura

Mar 23, 20230 citations

Near-optimal decomposition of unitary matrices using phase masks and the discrete Fourier transform

Vincent Girouard, Nicolás Quesada

Universal multiport interferometers (UMIs) have emerged as a key tool for performing arbitrary linear transformations on optical modes, enabling precise control over the state of light in essential applications of classical and quantum information processing such as neural networks and boson sampling. While UMI architectures based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer networks are well established, alternative approaches that involve interleaving fixed multichannel mixing layers and phase masks have recently gained interest due to their high robustness to losses and fabrication errors. However, these approaches currently lack optimal analytical methods to compute design parameters with a low optical depth. In this work, we introduce a constructive decomposition of unitary matrices using a sequence of 2 N +5 phase masks interleaved with 2 N +4 discrete Fourier transform matrices. This decomposition can be leveraged to design universal interferometers based on phase masks and multimode interference couplers, implementing a discrete Fourier transform, offering an analytical alternative to conventional numerical-optimization-based designs and reducing by a factor of 3 the previous best-known analytical methods.Universal multiport interferometers (UMIs) have emerged as a key tool for performing arbitrary linear transformations on optical modes, enabling precise control over the state of light in essential applications of classical and quantum information processing such as neural networks and boson sampling. While UMI architectures based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer networks are well established, alternative approaches that involve interleaving fixed multichannel mixing layers and phase masks have recently gained interest due to their high robustness to losses and fabrication errors. However, these approaches currently lack optimal analytical methods to compute design parameters with a low optical depth. In this work, we introduce a constructive decomposition of unitary matrices using a sequence of 2 N +5 phase masks interleaved with 2 N +4 discrete Fourier transform matrices. This decomposition can be leveraged to design universal interferometers based on phase masks and multimode interference couplers, implementing a discrete Fourier transform, offering an analytical alternative to conventional numerical-optimization-based designs and reducing by a factor of 3 the previous best-known analytical methods.

arXiv:2508.20010Journal of the Optical Society of America BDec 3, 20256 citations

Interferometry with higher-dimensional gauge-symmetric optical multiports

Christopher R. Schwarze

Jan 1, 20260 citations

A Self-Similar Sine-Cosine Fractal Architecture for Multiport Interferometers

Jasvith Raj Basani, Sri Krishna Vadlamani, Saumil Bandyopadhyay +2 more

We propose a novel architecture for multiport interferometers based on the Sine-Cosine fractal decomposition of unitary matrices. Our design is modular, resilient to hardware imperfections and enables systematically truncated for use in optical neural networks.

Jan 1, 20230 citations

Scalability of universal multiport interferometers using a balanced decomposition

Abstract

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Scalability of universal multiport interferometers using a balanced decomposition

Abstract

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