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Annalen der Physik

The generation and properties of new classes of multipartite entangled coherent squeezed states in a conducting cavity

Roohollah Daneshmand, Mohammad Kazem Tavassoly

Published Mar 24, 2017• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been deduced that, in particular situations the Hamiltonian of corresponding field can be expressed by the well‐known Caldirola‐Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above‐mentioned real physical system, a few schemes for the generation of some classes of time‐dependent multipartite entangled coherent squeezed states are proposed. To achieve the purpose, the interaction of a narrow bunch of two‐level atoms with such a quantized field in a conducting cavity and in the presence of a strong‐driving classical field is taken into account. The influence of the conductivity parameter on the degree of entanglement and atomic population inversion is studied, numerically. As will be clarified, the related physical quantities can be controlled by the conductivity parameter. In detail, it is shown that the entanglement reaches to its maximum value with smaller delay in the presence of larger values of conductivity. Also, it is observed that by increasing the conductivity, the time for occurring collapse‐revival in the atomic inversion is decreased. image

DOI
10.1002/andp.201600246

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The present study described about the interaction of a two level atom and squeezed field with time varying frequency. By applying a sinusoidal variation\nin the frequency of the field, the randomness in population inversion is reduced and the collapses and periodic revivals are regained. Quantum optics is an emerging field in physics which mainly deals with the interaction of atoms with quantised electromagnetic fields. Jaynes-Cummings Model (JCM) is a key model among them, which describes the interaction between a two level atom and a single mode radiation field. Here the study begins with a brief history of light, atom and their interactions. Also discussed the interaction between atoms and electromagnetic fields. The study suggest a method to manipulate the population inversion due to interaction and control the randomness in it, by applying a time dependence on the frequency of the interacting squeezed field.The change in behaviour of the population inversion due to the presence of a phase factor in the applied frequency variation is explained here.This study also describes the interaction between two level atom and electromagnetic field in nonlinear Kerr medium. It deals with atomic and field state evolution in a coupled cavity system. \nOur results suggest a new method to control and manipulate the population of states in two level atom radiation interaction,which is very essential for quantum information processing.We have also studied the variation of atomic population inversion with time, when a two level atom interacts with light field, where\nthe light field has a sinusoidal frequency variation with a constant phase. In both coherent field and squeezed field cases, the population inversion variation is completely different from the phase zero frequency modulation case. It is observed that in the presence of a non zero phase φ, the population inversion oscillates sinusoidally.Also the collapses and revivals gradually disappears when φ increases\nfrom 0 to π/2. When φ = π/2 the evolution of population inversion is identical to the case when a two level atom interacts with a Fock state. Thus, by applying a phase shifted frequency modulation one can induce sinusoidal oscillations of atomic inversion in linear medium, those normally observed in Kerr medium. \nWe noticed that the entanglement between the atom and field can be controlled by\nvarying the period of the field frequency fluctuations. The system has been solved numerically and the behaviour of it for different initial conditions and different susceptibility values are analysed. It is observed that, for weak cavity coupling the effect of susceptibility is minimal. In cases of strong cavity coupling, susceptibility factor modifies the nature in which the probability oscillates with time. Effect\nof susceptibility on probability of states is closely related to the initial state of the system.

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Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 2018•2 citations
Recently the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been deduced that, in particular situations the Hamiltonian of corresponding field can be expressed by the well‐known Caldirola‐Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above‐mentioned real physical system, a few schemes for the generation of some classes of time‐dependent multipartite entangled coherent squeezed states are proposed. To achieve the purpose, the interaction of a narrow bunch of two‐level atoms with such a quantized field in a conducting cavity and in the presence of a strong‐driving classical field is taken into account. The influence of the conductivity parameter on the degree of entanglement and atomic population inversion is studied, numerically. As will be clarified, the related physical quantities can be controlled by the conductivity parameter. In detail, it is shown that the entanglement reaches to its maximum value with smaller delay in the presence of larger values of conductivity. Also, it is observed that by increasing the conductivity, the time for occurring collapse‐revival in the atomic inversion is decreased. image
Abstract Recently, the quantum description of electromagnetic waves in conducting media has been performed. It has been demonstrated that in particular case, the Hamiltonian of the corresponding field can be expressed by Caldirola–Kanai Hamiltonian. In this paper, using the associated annihilation and creation operators of the above-mentioned quantized field, the time- and conductivity-dependent squeezed vacuum and one-photon squeezed states as well as their superpositions, and also the time- and conductivity-dependent excited even and odd coherent states are produced. Also, using a few well-known nonclassicality criteria, the time evolution of nonclassicality features of the above classes of obtained states, in addition to the influence of medium conductivity on them are demonstrated, numerically. It has been shown that the nonclassicality indicators may be adjusted by tuning the conductivity of media.
Following the approach of Solano et al (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 027903) we propose a scheme for a generation of a few classes of entangled (nonlinear) coherent states. To achieve this purpose, the interaction of a spatially narrow collection of two-level atoms with a quantized field in a high-Q factor cavity in the presence of a strong-driving classical field is studied. We perform appropriate Hamiltonians describing the atom-field interaction by focusing on two particular forms of intensity-dependent functions which are directly related to su (1, 1) and su (2) Lie algebras. It is shown that the dynamical evolution of the considered systems can generate bipartite, tripartite (nonlinear) and more complicated entangled states corresponding to the mentioned groups depending on the number of atoms in the cavity. In the processes of the abovementioned generation schemes, even and odd nonlinear coherent states are produced. In the end, in a particular circumstance with the two-mode quantized field we can turn easily from Jaynes–Cummings to anti-Jaynes–Cummings interactions which brings us to the maximally entangled number state . Finally, to quantify the degree of entanglement of the produced states, the measures of von Neumann and linear entropies are applied.
In this paper a scheme for generation of a particular class of Gilmore–Perelomov type of (1,1) entangled states, which may be established as nonlinear entangled states is proposed. To achieve this purpose, the interaction of a system of two-level atoms in a cavity of high quality factor with a single-mode quantized field in the presence of a strong classical field is investigated. It is shown that, by the action of the time evolution operator concerning the interaction Hamiltonian of the above system on the appropriate initial atom-field state, depending on how many two-level atoms are in the cavity, multipartite nonlinear entangled states can be generated.
Recently, two-mode entangled squeezed states have been produced using even and odd squeezed states. Based on such entangled states, we introduce two new classes of quantum states, namely single-mode excited (depleted) entangled squeezed states which are obtained via the iterated action of the creation (annihilation) operator on the first mode of the two-mode entangled squeezed states. In continuation, we study the amount of entanglement of the introduced states by calculating the 'concurrence' and 'linear entropy'. In addition, we investigate several nonclassicality features such as the sub-Poissonian statistics, second-order correlation function between the two modes and quadrature squeezing. Finally, in order to establish the physical realization of the introduced states, a theoretical scheme for their generation based on the interaction of a two-level atom with a quantized cavity field is proposed.
The present study described about the interaction of a two level atom and squeezed field with time varying frequency. By applying a sinusoidal variation\nin the frequency of the field, the randomness in population inversion is reduced and the collapses and periodic revivals are regained. Quantum optics is an emerging field in physics which mainly deals with the interaction of atoms with quantised electromagnetic fields. Jaynes-Cummings Model (JCM) is a key model among them, which describes the interaction between a two level atom and a single mode radiation field. Here the study begins with a brief history of light, atom and their interactions. Also discussed the interaction between atoms and electromagnetic fields. The study suggest a method to manipulate the population inversion due to interaction and control the randomness in it, by applying a time dependence on the frequency of the interacting squeezed field.The change in behaviour of the population inversion due to the presence of a phase factor in the applied frequency variation is explained here.This study also describes the interaction between two level atom and electromagnetic field in nonlinear Kerr medium. It deals with atomic and field state evolution in a coupled cavity system. \nOur results suggest a new method to control and manipulate the population of states in two level atom radiation interaction,which is very essential for quantum information processing.We have also studied the variation of atomic population inversion with time, when a two level atom interacts with light field, where\nthe light field has a sinusoidal frequency variation with a constant phase. In both coherent field and squeezed field cases, the population inversion variation is completely different from the phase zero frequency modulation case. It is observed that in the presence of a non zero phase φ, the population inversion oscillates sinusoidally.Also the collapses and revivals gradually disappears when φ increases\nfrom 0 to π/2. When φ = π/2 the evolution of population inversion is identical to the case when a two level atom interacts with a Fock state. Thus, by applying a phase shifted frequency modulation one can induce sinusoidal oscillations of atomic inversion in linear medium, those normally observed in Kerr medium. \nWe noticed that the entanglement between the atom and field can be controlled by\nvarying the period of the field frequency fluctuations. The system has been solved numerically and the behaviour of it for different initial conditions and different susceptibility values are analysed. It is observed that, for weak cavity coupling the effect of susceptibility is minimal. In cases of strong cavity coupling, susceptibility factor modifies the nature in which the probability oscillates with time. Effect\nof susceptibility on probability of states is closely related to the initial state of the system.
Abstract Using a system of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) we present two schemes for multipartite entanglement generation. In the first scheme, a three-level atom is interacting with three cavities successively. In the second one, two three-level atoms are interacted with a coherent optical cavity. These protocols allow us to generate the six classes of tripartite entanglement (GHZ, W, A-B-C, AB-C, C-AB, and B-AC class states) by controling the interaction time between atoms and cavities. Moreover, they allow us to generate entanglement between the cavity fields degrees of freedom (from the first scheme), and a mixed entanglement between the cavity field degrees of freedom and the atomic degrees of freedom.