Precise determination of the 2P radiative atomic lifetime of lithium using photoassociative spectroscopy

W. I. McAlexander

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations

Abstract

Spectroscopy of the high-lying vibrational levels of the $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ states of both $\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2$ and $\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2$ has been accomplished via photoassociation of ultracold atomic lithium confined in a magneto-optical trap. Both these molecular states correlate to $2S\\sb{1/2}$ plus $2P\\sb{1/2}$ free atomic states. The long range part of these molecular potentials depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. Accurate models were constructed for both the $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ potentials. By fitting these models to the experimentally measured vibrational levels observed in $\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2$ and $\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2$, we have been able to extract a value for the 2P lifetime of lithium. Fitting to the absolute values of the data gives a value of 26.99 $\\pm$ 0.16 ns whereas fitting to differences in the spectral features gives a value of 27.04 $\\pm$ 0.18 ns. While both values agree with previous work, improvements made in the potential models would enable this analysis to resolve the current discrepancy between experiment and theory.

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Precise atomic radiative lifetime via photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold lithium

W. I. McAlexander, E. R. I. Abraham, Nicholas W. M. Ritchie +3 more

Physical Review AFeb 1, 1995123 citations

Photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold lithium(2)-7 and lithium(2)-6

E. Abraham

Jan 1, 19950 citations

Photoassociative Spectroscopy of Collisions Between Ultracold Lithium Atoms

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Precise determination of the dipole matrix element and radiative lifetime of the K39 4p state by photoassociative spectroscopy

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Reexamination of the 0g− pure long-range state of Cs2 : Prediction of missing levels in the photoassociation spectrum

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Physical Review AMay 7, 200745 citations

Experimental observation of the lowest levels in the photoassociation spectroscopy of the 0 g− purely-long-range state of Cs 2

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Physical Review AMar 12, 201323 citations

Precise determination of the 2P radiative atomic lifetime of lithium using photoassociative spectroscopy

W. I. McAlexander

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations

OpenAlex

Abstract

Spectroscopy of the high-lying vibrational levels of the

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

states of both

\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2

and

\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2

has been accomplished via photoassociation of ultracold atomic lithium confined in a magneto-optical trap. Both these molecular states correlate to

2S\\sb{1/2}

plus

2P\\sb{1/2}

free atomic states. The long range part of these molecular potentials depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. Accurate models were constructed for both the

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

potentials. By fitting these models to the experimentally measured vibrational levels observed in

\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2

and

\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2

, we have been able to extract a value for the 2P lifetime of lithium. Fitting to the absolute values of the data gives a value of 26.99

\\pm

0.16 ns whereas fitting to differences in the spectral features gives a value of 27.04

\\pm

0.18 ns. While both values agree with previous work, improvements made in the potential models would enable this analysis to resolve the current discrepancy between experiment and theory.

Related papers

Precise atomic radiative lifetime via photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold lithium

W. I. McAlexander, E. R. I. Abraham, Nicholas W. M. Ritchie +3 more

We have obtained spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the ${1}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}_{2}$ via photoassociation of ultracold $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The ${1}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of the diatomic molecule correlates to a 2 ${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ state atom plus a 2 ${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ state atom. The long-range part of the molecular interaction potential for this state depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. By calculating the energy eigenvalues of a model potential for the ${1}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state and fitting them to the experimentally measured vibrational levels, we have extracted a value for the 2P lifetime of 26.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16 ns. The precision is currently limited by the accuracy of a region of the model potential provided by ab initio calculations.We have obtained spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the ${1}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}_{2}$ via photoassociation of ultracold $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The ${1}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of the diatomic molecule correlates to a 2${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$ state atom plus a 2${\mathit{P}}_{1/2}$ state atom. The long-range part of the molecular interaction potential for this state depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. By calculating the energy eigenvalues of a model potential for the ${1}^{3}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state and fitting them to the experimentally measured vibrational levels, we have extracted a value for the 2P lifetime of 26.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16 ns. The precision is currently limited by the accuracy of a region of the model potential provided by ab initio calculations.

Physical Review AFeb 1, 1995123 citations

Photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold lithium(2)-7 and lithium(2)-6

E. Abraham

We have obtained high-lying vibrational spectra for the $\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ excited states of both $\\rm \\sp7Li\\sb2$ and $\\rm \\sp6Li\\sb2$ via photoassociation of colliding ultracold lithium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. Photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold atoms is a powerful tool for probing molecular states near the dissociation energy that are inaccessible by other methods. For an ultracold lithium vapor, the distribution of unbound ground state energies is so small that precise free-bound spectroscopy is possible. Molecular hyperfine structure is resolved. We calculate accurate dissociation energies for both the $\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ excited states of Li $\\sb2$ . A model potential is constructed from a combination of experimental and theoretical information, and used to assign vibrational quantum numbers. We observe rotational structure and assign rotational quantum numbers.We have obtained high-lying vibrational spectra for the $\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ excited states of both $\\rm \\sp7Li\\sb2$ and $\\rm \\sp6Li\\sb2$ via photoassociation of colliding ultracold lithium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. Photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold atoms is a powerful tool for probing molecular states near the dissociation energy that are inaccessible by other methods. For an ultracold lithium vapor, the distribution of unbound ground state energies is so small that precise free-bound spectroscopy is possible. Molecular hyperfine structure is resolved. We calculate accurate dissociation energies for both the $\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ and $\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ excited states of Li$\\sb2$. A model potential is constructed from a combination of experimental and theoretical information, and used to assign vibrational quantum numbers. We observe rotational structure and assign rotational quantum numbers.

Jan 1, 19950 citations

Photoassociative Spectroscopy of Collisions Between Ultracold Lithium Atoms

E. Abraham

The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the $A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ and $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ singly excited states of both $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the $a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ . The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the $A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ and $1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}$ singly excited states of both $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the $a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}$ ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both $\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2$ and $\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2$. The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.

Jan 1, 19960 citations

Precise determination of the dipole matrix element and radiative lifetime of the K39 4p state by photoassociative spectroscopy

H. Wang, J. Li, X. T. Wang +3 more

Rovibrational levels (v=0--30) of the ${0}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ``pure long-range'' state of $^{39}\mathrm{K}_{2}$ are observed by photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold potassium atoms prepared in a high-density magneto-optical trap. The measured molecular binding energies are used to precisely determine the long-range dipole-dipole potential constant ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$ of the K(4s)+K(4p) asymptote and the radiative lifetime of the 4p state. We determine ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$=-5.456(9) zJ ${\mathrm{nm}}^{3}$ (-8.445(14) a.u.), \ensuremath{\tau}(4 ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ )=26.34(5) ns, and \ensuremath{\tau}(4 ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ )=26.69(5) ns. Our result is a significant improvement in precision over previous lifetime measurements and agrees well with the recent fast-beam experiment [U. Volz and H. Schmoranzer, Phys. Scr. T65, 48 (1996)].Rovibrational levels (v=0--30) of the ${0}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ``pure long-range'' state of $^{39}\mathrm{K}_{2}$ are observed by photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold potassium atoms prepared in a high-density magneto-optical trap. The measured molecular binding energies are used to precisely determine the long-range dipole-dipole potential constant ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$ of the K(4s)+K(4p) asymptote and the radiative lifetime of the 4p state. We determine ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$=-5.456(9) zJ ${\mathrm{nm}}^{3}$ (-8.445(14) a.u.), \ensuremath{\tau}(4${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$)=26.34(5) ns, and \ensuremath{\tau}(4${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$)=26.69(5) ns. Our result is a significant improvement in precision over previous lifetime measurements and agrees well with the recent fast-beam experiment [U. Volz and H. Schmoranzer, Phys. Scr. T65, 48 (1996)].

Physical Review AMar 1, 199793 citations

Reexamination of the 0g− pure long-range state of Cs2 : Prediction of missing levels in the photoassociation spectrum

Nadia Bouloufa-Maafa, A. Crubellier, Olivier Dulieu

A reexamination of the photoassociation spectrum of the external well of the ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ potential of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$ converging to the $(6{s}_{1∕2}+6{p}_{3∕2})$ limit is performed, in order to resolve inconsistencies arising from a previously published paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1408 (2000)]. We use the same analytical description of the potential as in an other previous analysis [Phys. Rev. A 66, 052506 (2002)], but we make a shift of 2 in the assignment of the observed vibrational lines. The agreement between experimental and calculated energy positions is improved and the intensities calculated using the new potential account well for all available data. The fitting procedure reveals a strong interdependence of the parameters of the model, which limits the accuracy of the determination of the radiative lifetimes of the $6{p}^{2}{P}_{1∕2}$ and $6{p}^{2}{P}_{3∕2}$ atomic levels. Only a more precise experimental study could allow one to improve the determination of these lifetime values.A reexamination of the photoassociation spectrum of the external well of the ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ potential of ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$ converging to the $(6{s}_{1∕2}+6{p}_{3∕2})$ limit is performed, in order to resolve inconsistencies arising from a previously published paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1408 (2000)]. We use the same analytical description of the potential as in an other previous analysis [Phys. Rev. A 66, 052506 (2002)], but we make a shift of 2 in the assignment of the observed vibrational lines. The agreement between experimental and calculated energy positions is improved and the intensities calculated using the new potential account well for all available data. The fitting procedure reveals a strong interdependence of the parameters of the model, which limits the accuracy of the determination of the radiative lifetimes of the $6{p}^{2}{P}_{1∕2}$ and $6{p}^{2}{P}_{3∕2}$ atomic levels. Only a more precise experimental study could allow one to improve the determination of these lifetime values.

Physical Review AMay 7, 200745 citations

Experimental observation of the lowest levels in the photoassociation spectroscopy of the 0 g− purely-long-range state of Cs 2

Yichi Zhang, Jie Ma, Jizhou Wu +3 more

We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs ${}_{2}$ 0${}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ ns and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ ns of the 6 $p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$ and 6 $p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}$ atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs${}_{2}$ 0${}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ ns and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ ns of the 6$p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}$and 6$p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}$atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.

Physical Review AMar 12, 201323 citations

Spectroscopy of the high-lying vibrational levels of the

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

states of both

\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2

and

\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2

has been accomplished via photoassociation of ultracold atomic lithium confined in a magneto-optical trap. Both these molecular states correlate to

2S\\sb{1/2}

plus

2P\\sb{1/2}

free atomic states. The long range part of these molecular potentials depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. Accurate models were constructed for both the

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

potentials. By fitting these models to the experimentally measured vibrational levels observed in

\\rm\\sp6Li\\sb2

and

\\rm\\sp7Li\\sb2

, we have been able to extract a value for the 2P lifetime of lithium. Fitting to the absolute values of the data gives a value of 26.99

\\pm

0.16 ns whereas fitting to differences in the spectral features gives a value of 27.04

\\pm

0.18 ns. While both values agree with previous work, improvements made in the potential models would enable this analysis to resolve the current discrepancy between experiment and theory.

We have obtained spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the

{1}^{3}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of

^{6}\mathrm{Li}_{2}

via photoassociation of ultracold

^{6}\mathrm{Li}

atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The

{1}^{3}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of the diatomic molecule correlates to a 2

{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}

state atom plus a 2

{\mathit{P}}_{1/2}

state atom. The long-range part of the molecular interaction potential for this state depends on the 2P atomic radiative lifetime. By calculating the energy eigenvalues of a model potential for the

{1}^{3}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state and fitting them to the experimentally measured vibrational levels, we have extracted a value for the 2P lifetime of 26.99\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.16 ns. The precision is currently limited by the accuracy of a region of the model potential provided by ab initio calculations.

We have obtained high-lying vibrational spectra for the

\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

excited states of both

\\rm \\sp7Li\\sb2

and

\\rm \\sp6Li\\sb2

via photoassociation of colliding ultracold lithium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. Photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold atoms is a powerful tool for probing molecular states near the dissociation energy that are inaccessible by other methods. For an ultracold lithium vapor, the distribution of unbound ground state energies is so small that precise free-bound spectroscopy is possible. Molecular hyperfine structure is resolved. We calculate accurate dissociation energies for both the

\\rm 1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

and

\\rm 1\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

excited states of Li

\\sb2

. A model potential is constructed from a combination of experimental and theoretical information, and used to assign vibrational quantum numbers. We observe rotational structure and assign rotational quantum numbers.

The spectra of the high-lying vibrational levels of the

A\\sp1\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

and

1\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{g}{+}

singly excited states of both

\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2

and

\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2

are obtained via photoassociation of colliding ultracold atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. The least bound state of the

a\\sp3\\Sigma\\sbsp{u}{+}

ground state potential, obtained by two-photon photoassociative spectroscopy, is also presented for both

\\sp7\\rm Li\\sb2

and

\\sp6\\rm Li\\sb2

. The vibrational levels have resolved hyperfine structure, whose relative energy splittings and transition strengths are accurately modeled. The photoassociative spectra are used to precisely determine both the singlet and triplet s-wave scattering lengths for both isotopes, which are important parameters in systems designed to observe quantum degenerate effects and Bose-Einstein condensation.

Rovibrational levels (v=0--30) of the ${0}_{\mathrm{g}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ``pure long-range'' state of

^{39}\mathrm{K}_{2}

are observed by photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold potassium atoms prepared in a high-density magneto-optical trap. The measured molecular binding energies are used to precisely determine the long-range dipole-dipole potential constant ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$ of the K(4s)+K(4p) asymptote and the radiative lifetime of the 4p state. We determine ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}$=-5.456(9) zJ

{\mathrm{nm}}^{3}

(-8.445(14) a.u.), \ensuremath{\tau}(4

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}

)=26.34(5) ns, and \ensuremath{\tau}(4

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}

)=26.69(5) ns. Our result is a significant improvement in precision over previous lifetime measurements and agrees well with the recent fast-beam experiment [U. Volz and H. Schmoranzer, Phys. Scr. T65, 48 (1996)].

A reexamination of the photoassociation spectrum of the external well of the ${0}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ potential of

{\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}

converging to the

(6{s}_{1∕2}+6{p}_{3∕2})

limit is performed, in order to resolve inconsistencies arising from a previously published paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1408 (2000)]. We use the same analytical description of the potential as in an other previous analysis [Phys. Rev. A 66, 052506 (2002)], but we make a shift of 2 in the assignment of the observed vibrational lines. The agreement between experimental and calculated energy positions is improved and the intensities calculated using the new potential account well for all available data. The fitting procedure reveals a strong interdependence of the parameters of the model, which limits the accuracy of the determination of the radiative lifetimes of the

6{p}^{2}{P}_{1∕2}

and

6{p}^{2}{P}_{3∕2}

atomic levels. Only a more precise experimental study could allow one to improve the determination of these lifetime values.

We have experimentally observed the two lowest vibrational levels of Cs

{}_{2}

0${}_{g}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ purely-long-range states. The photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium atoms with rotational structure presents clear identification of these lowest levels. Values of radiative lifetimes ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{3/2}=30.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$ ns and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1/2}=34.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$ ns of the 6

p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{1/2}

and 6

p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}

atomic levels and van der Waals coefficient ${C}_{6}=6852\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25$ a.u. of the ground-state cesium molecule are extracted, respectively.