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Frontiers in Optics

Mapping photonic entanglement into and out of a quantum memory

Kyung Soo Choi, Hui Deng, Julien Laurat, Scott B. Papp, Harry J. Kimble

Published Jan 1, 2008• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate reversible mapping of photonic entanglement into and out of two atomic memories. We achieve input-output transfer efficiency of entanglement approaching 20%. Our protocol helps to enable “push-button” capabilities for entanglement in quantum networks.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2008.ftuc3

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In order to build long-distance quantum communications, quantum memories are required as a synchronization tool which allows entanglement to be stored and retrieved on-demand, when the system is ready to perform entanglement swapping [1]. The storage-and-retrieval efficiency is a key parameter: an increase from 60% to 90% drastically decreases, typically by 2 orders of magnitude, the average time for entanglement distribution over a distance of 600 kilometers. Within this context, we reported quantum transfer between light and cold-atom-based quantum memory featuring a single mode storage-and-retrieval efficiency as high as 87%(±5%), in the single excitation regime [2]. Moreover, we demonstrated the storage of single-photon entanglement into two memories, with a ratio of the input and output concurrences reaching 88%, a more than three-fold increase compared to prior works (Fig. 1). The demonstrated capability required operating at a very large optical depth (OD) of the atomic ensembles on theD1D_{1}D1​line of cesium, and with a strong and preserved suppression of the two-photon component.
For advanced applications in quantum information and communication the reversible transfer of quantum information between light and matter is essential. A key property of such a light-matter quantum interface is the faithful mapping of entanglement. We report the reversible transfer of photon-photon entanglement into entanglement between a photon and a collective atomic excitation in a thulium-doped lithium niobate waveguide. We use an Atomic Frequency Comb (AFC) memory protocol yielding a 5 GHz acceptance bandwidth of our memory. We reconstruct the bi-photon quantum state before and after the reversible transfer and asses the entanglement-preserving nature of our memory. We demonstrate a near perfect mapping of the entangled state. Additionally, we measure a violation of the CHSH Bell inequality before and after storage, thus directly verifying the sufficiency of the entanglement for quantum communication.