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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Photon-photon to atom-photon entanglement transfer

Stephan Kucera, Elena Arenskötter, Pascal Eich, Matthias Kreis, Philipp Müller, Jürgen Eschner

Published Jun 1, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Implementation of a quantum network with single atoms as quantum nodes and single photons as channels between the nodes requires their interfacing in receiver mode, whereby the photonic qubit is mapped onto the internal degrees of freedom of the atom [1]. Combining such a receiver interface with a source of entangled photon pairs enables the distribution of entanglement between network nodes. We implemented the heralded state-mapping protocol of [2] between a narrowband entangled-photon source and a single trapped40Ca+ion and transferred photon-photon to atom-photon entanglement.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8087417

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Summary form only given. Implementation of a quantum network with single atoms as quantum nodes and single photons as channels between the nodes requires their interfacing in receiver mode, whereby the photonic qubit is mapped onto the internal degrees of freedom of the atom [1]. Combining such a receiver interface with a source of entangled photon pairs enables the distribution of entanglement between network nodes. We implemented the heralded state-mapping protocol of [2] between a narrowband entangled-photon source and a single trapped40Ca+ion and transferred photon-photon to atom-photon entanglement.
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Entanglement distributed over a set of individually addressable qubit nodes is the enabling resource for a plethora of applications ranging from tests of quantum physics to secure and modular quantum information networks. Entanglement between two memory qubits has been realized on various platforms, but extension to more nodes remains rare and formidably challenging. The principal bottleneck is the efficiency of the light-matter interfaces connecting the qubit nodes to their communication channels. Here, we efficiently generate, distribute and store a three-qubit entangled state across three independent laboratories containing single atoms coupled to optical resonators. We sequentially entangle the atoms pairwise, two by heralded photonic entanglement swapping and two by heralded state transfer. We reach a three-qubit entanglement fidelity of 77(1)% and an entanglement lifetime above 200us. The observed qubit correlations violate Mermin's inequality while closing the detection loophole. Our three-qubit entanglement-generation efficiency is 0.16%. This unprecedented efficiency of our scheme establishes a clear route towards multi-node quantum networks.
We present the implementation of a programmable atom-photon quantum interface, employing a single trapped 40Ca+^{40}\mathrm{Ca}^{+}40Ca+ ion and single photons. Depending on its mode of operation, the interface serves as a bidirectional atom-photon quantum-state converter, as a source of entangled atom-photon states, or as a quantum frequency converter of single photons. The interface lends itself particularly to interfacing ions with spontaneous parametric down-conversion--based single-photon or entangled-photon-pair sources.