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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Delay characteristics comparison of coherently coupled high-Q multi-cavity array and single embedded quantum dot cavity systems

Serdar Kocaman, Gönül Turhan‐Sayan

Published Feb 20, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is modeled for two separate systems with the same formalism and the spectral characteristics together with the generated group delay are compared. First system is a coherently coupled high-Q multi-cavity array which represents the classical EIT and is limited by the finite broadening of the cavity and the second one is a single embedded quantum dot (QD) cavity system, a cavity-QD EIT, that depends on both QD broadening and cavity properties. Similar spectral characters have been observed for both systems but the former generated theoretically two times higher group delays.

DOI
10.1117/12.2250382

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The optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is modeled for two separate systems with the same formalism and the spectral characteristics together with the generated group delay are compared. First system is a coherently coupled high-Q multi-cavity array which represents the classical EIT and is limited by the finite broadening of the cavity and the second one is a single embedded quantum dot (QD) cavity system, a cavity-QD EIT, that depends on both QD broadening and cavity properties. Similar spectral characters have been observed for both systems but the former generated theoretically two times higher group delays.
Temporal group delays originating from the optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are compared in two systems. Similar transmission characteristics are observed between a coherently coupled high-Q multi-cavity array and a single quantum dot (QD) embedded cavity in the weak coupling regime. However, theoretically generated group delay values for the multi-cavity case are around two times higher. Both configurations allow direct scalability for chip-scale optical pulse trapping and coupled-cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).
In this paper, a scalable photonic crystal cavity array, in which single embedded quantum dots (QDs) are coherently interacting, is studied theoretically. Firstly, we examine the spectral character and optical delay brought about by the coupled cavities interacting with single QDs, in an optical analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency. Secondly, we then examine the usability of this coupled QD–cavity system for quantum phase gate operation and our numerical examples suggest that a two-qubit system with fidelity above 0.99 and photon loss below 0.04 is possible.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and EIT-like effects have been investigated in a wide variety of coupled resonant systems. Here, a classification of the phase characteristics of the EIT-like spectral responses is presented. Newly identified phase responses reveal unexplored operation regimes of EIT-like systems. Taking advantage of these new phase regimes, one can obtain group delay, dispersion and nonlinearity properties greatly enhanced by almost one order of magnitude, compared to the traditionally constructed EIT-like devices, all of which breaks the fundamental limitation (e.g. delay–bandwidth product) intrinsic to atomic EIT and EIT-like effects. Optical devices and electrical circuits are analyzed as examples showing the universality of our finding. We show that cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED)-based quantum phase gates can be greatly improved to achieve a phase shift of π . The new phase characteristics are also believed to be useful to build novel doubly resonant devices in quantum information based cavity QED, optomechanics and metamaterials.
When a coherently prepared atomic medium is confined in an optical cavity, the atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be manipulated and enhanced by the collective atom–cavity coupling and the cavity feedback. We present an experimental study of the light transmission through an optical cavity coupled with coherently prepared cold Rb atoms. In the frequency domain, the cavity transmission spectrum exhibits spectral peaks representing the cavity normal modes associated with the multi-atom vacuum Rabi splitting and the intra-cavity dark state manifested by the combined EIT effects of the absorption suppression and the steep normal dispersion. In the time domain, a light pulse coupled into the cavity mode propagates with a slow group velocity and the propagation time delay is significantly increased by the cavity feedback.
As one of the typical quantum coherence phenomena, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been extensively applied to implement various quantum coherent manipulations, typically, e.g., optical quantum memories, photonic switches, and optical quantum computations, etc. By applying the input-output theory to the photonic transports through two cavities dispersively coupled by an artificial two-level atomic ensemble, we show here that the EIT-like effects could be observed. Particularly, the transparency windows and phase shift spectra of the transmitting photons could be engineered by manipulating the atomic levels in the ensemble to adjust the effective coupling strength between the cavities. As a consequence, the group delays of the transmitting photons can be manipulated by using the EIT-like effects. The proposal is demonstrated specifically with the experimental superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators coupled by the voltage-biased electrons on liquid Helium.
A coherent absorption dip in pump-probe experiment performed on a ten layer optically thin InGaAs∕GaAs quantum dot (QD) structure has been observed. Measurements performed for different wavelengths, polarizations, pulse widths, and temperatures allow assigning the dip to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The EIT scheme is based on coupling of excitons with different spins in asymmetric QDs. Using spectrally narrow pulses, detrimental effect of the inhomogeneous broadening is reduced since only the QDs with transitions resonant with the pulse wavelength are addressed and participate in the EIT. The effect has been observed at temperatures up to 140K.