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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC)

On spatial security outage probability derivation of exposure region based beamforming with randomly located eavesdroppers

Yuanrui Zhang, Youngwook Ko, Roger Woods, Alan Marshall, Joe Cavallaro, Kaipeng Li

Published Nov 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the close-form expression of the spatial security outage probability, which is a novel performance metric that measures the security level of the legitimate transmission from the spatial aspect in the presence of Poisson Point Process distributed eavesdroppers. Beamforming is used to create the exposure region where any randomly located eavesdropper causes secrecy outage, based on which the general expression of the spatial security outage probability is derived. Based on the general expression, the close-form expression is obtained for the circular array, which reveals the impact of the array parameters on the security performance.

DOI
10.1109/acssc.2016.7869132

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This paper presents the close-form expression of the spatial security outage probability, which is a novel performance metric that measures the security level of the legitimate transmission from the spatial aspect in the presence of Poisson Point Process distributed eavesdroppers. Beamforming is used to create the exposure region where any randomly located eavesdropper causes secrecy outage, based on which the general expression of the spatial security outage probability is derived. Based on the general expression, the close-form expression is obtained for the circular array, which reveals the impact of the array parameters on the security performance.
This paper presents the closed-form expression for a circular array, of the spatial security outage probability which is a novel performance metric that measures the security level of the legitimate transmission from the spatial aspect in the presence of Poisson Point Process distributed eavesdroppers. In this paper, it is shown how beamforming is used to create an exposure region where any randomly located eavesdropper causes secrecy outage, based on which the general expression of the spatial security outage probability is derived. Using this, the closed-form expression is obtained for the circular array, which reveals the impact of the array parameters on the security performance.
With increasing number of antennae in base stations, there is considerable interest in using beamfomining to improve physical layer security, by creating an `exposure region' that enhances the received signal quality for a legitimate user and reduces the possibility of leaking information to a randomly located passive eavesdropper. The paper formalises this concept by proposing a novel definition for the security level of such a legitimate transmission, called the `Spatial Secrecy Outage Probability' (SSOP). By performing a theoretical and numerical analysis, it is shown how the antenna array parameters can affect the SSOP and its analytic upper bound. Whilst this approach may be applied to any array type and any fading channel model, it is shown here how the security performance of a uniform linear array varies in a Rician fading channel by examining the analytic SSOP upper bound.
With the increasing number of antennae in base stations, there is considerable interest in using beamforming to improve physical layer security, by creating an “exposure region” that enhances the received signal quality for a legitimate user and reduces the possibility of leaking information to a randomly located passive eavesdropper. This paper formalizes this concept by proposing a novel definition for the security level of such a legitimate transmission, called the spatial secrecy outage probability (SSOP). By performing a theoretical and numerical analysis, it is shown how the antenna array parameters can affect the SSOP and its analytic upper bound. While this approach may be applied to any array type and any fading channel model, it is shown here how the security performance of a uniform linear array varies in a Rician fading channel by examining the analytic SSOP upper bound.
This paper investigates the impact of a uniform circular array (UCA) in the context of wireless security via exposure region-based beamforming. An improvement is demonstrated for the security metric proposed in our previous paper, namely, the spatial secrecy outage probability (SSOP), by optimizing the configuration of the UCA. Our previous paper focused on formalizing the SSOP concept and exploring its applicability using a uniform linear array example. This paper proposes the UCA as a superior candidate because it is more robust against the effects of mutual coupling. The UCA's SSOP configuration is explored and a special expression is derived from the general expression for the first time, and a closed-form upper bound is then generated to facilitate analysis. By carefully designing the UCA structure particularly the radius, an SSOP optimization algorithm is derived and explored for mutual coupling. It is shown that the information leakage to eavesdroppers is reduced while the legitimate user's received signal quality is enhanced due to the use of beamforming.
This thesis focuses on the wireless security in the physical layer with beamforming technique. One of the emerging areas is the security enhancement in the physical layer, which exploits the intrinsic properties of the wireless medium. Beamforming, which has been proved to have many advantages, can also be applied to enhance the wireless security. One of the most common threats, i.e., passive eavesdropping, is addressed in this thesis. To reduce the risk of leaking information to the eavesdroppers, the physical region where the transmission is exposed to eavesdropping has been studied. In this thesis, the exposure region based beamforming technique is proposed to combat the threat from the randomly located eavesdroppers in a fading channel. In this system model, the large-scale path loss and a general Rician fading channel model are considered. The exposure region is established to describe the secrecy performance of the system, based on which the probability that the secrecy outage event occurs is defined to evaluate the security level of the exposure region. The antenna array is one of the most important factors that affect the secrecy performance of the exposure region based beamforming technique. The potential of using different array geometry and array configuration to improve security is explored. In this thesis, two common arrays, i.e., linear and circular arrays, are considered.Analytic expressions for general array geometry and for the linear and circular arrays are derived. Based on the empirical results, numerical optimization algorithms are developed to exploit the array configuration to enhance the system security level. In addition, experiments are carried out to study the performance of the beamformer with linear and circular arrays. Especially, the impact of the mutual coupling on the security performance is investigated.
This paper analyzes security region with artificial noise (AN) based on secrecy outage probability under the assumption that the eavesdropper's channel state information and location are unknown to the transceiver. By utilizing beamforming, the legitimate receiver transmits the AN in the direction of the legitimate transmitter to impair the eavesdropper more effectively. Based on it, a closed-form secrecy outage probability expression is derived to define the security region. Furthermore, a concept called safe transmission interval is proposed to measure the secrecy performance. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical expression and show the impacts of transmit antenna number, target rate and power allocation on the security region.