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Chinese Physics B

Parameter analysis for a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on 133 Cs– 129 Xe/ 131 Xe

Dawei Zhang, Zhengyi Xu, Min Zhou, Xinye Xu

Published Feb 1, 2017• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate several parameters for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on 133 Cs– 129 Xe/ 131 Xe. For a cell containing a mixture of 133 Cs at saturated pressure, we investigate the optimal quenching gas (N 2 ) pressure and the corresponding pump laser intensity to achieve 30% 133 Cs polarization at the center of the cell when the static magnetic field B 0 is 5 μ T with different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure. The effective field produced by spin-exchange polarized 129 Xe or 131 Xe sensed by 133 Cs can also be discussed in different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between the detected signal and the probe laser frequency is researched. We obtain the optimum probe laser detuning from the D2 ( 6 2 S 1 / 2 → 6 2 P 3 / 2 ) resonance with different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure owing to the pressure broadening.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/26/2/023201

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A study of the physics of a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is described. Experimental results in nuclear polarization and relaxation in 3He are obtained using an optical pumping apparatus and a high resolution rf spectroscopic technique. Polarization in the metastable states of the heavy noble gases (20, 21 Ne, 129, 132 Xe) was observed using a similar optical pumping apparatus. A sensitive detection method based on optical polarization of an excited state transition is developed and compared with the conventional method of monitoring optical transmission through the optical pumping cell. A new concept for the optical pumping of odd-mass-numbered heavy noble was isotopes to provide for ground-state nuclear polarization is discussed. Significant polarization in excited state neon was observed via collisional transfer from optically pumped helium in a cell filled with a mixture of helium and neon isotopes. The measured polarization was essentially independent of the isotopic composition. (Author)

STIN•Dec 1, 1982•1 citation
We theoretically investigate several parameters for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on 133 Cs– 129 Xe/ 131 Xe. For a cell containing a mixture of 133 Cs at saturated pressure, we investigate the optimal quenching gas (N 2 ) pressure and the corresponding pump laser intensity to achieve 30% 133 Cs polarization at the center of the cell when the static magnetic field B 0 is 5 μ T with different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure. The effective field produced by spin-exchange polarized 129 Xe or 131 Xe sensed by 133 Cs can also be discussed in different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between the detected signal and the probe laser frequency is researched. We obtain the optimum probe laser detuning from the D2 ( 6 2 S 1 / 2 → 6 2 P 3 / 2 ) resonance with different 129 Xe/ 131 Xe pressure owing to the pressure broadening.
The spin polarization of 87Rb and 129Xe atomic ensemble has great impact on the signal intensity of a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. The coupled spin polarization modelling process for 87Rb and 129Xe atoms ensemble is presented in detail. Three dimensional spatial distribution of the spin polarization field is obtained by numerical solution and is in good agreement with the experiment results. Influencing factors including temperature, power and detuned frequency of the pumping laser, average collision times of anti-relaxation coatings and partial pressure of gas composition are investigated. The work presents an indirect method to estimate the average collision times given the Xe polarization with different temperatures. It is found the average collision times of the 129Xe atoms with the inner surface of a bare glass cell of 3×3×3mm3 can reach up to about 2.7×105 times. It is also found that the pumping frequency corresponding to the maximum polarization of the Xe atoms polarized by spin exchange of Rb atoms is not consistent with the D1 line of the 87Rb atom when the temperature of the cell is above a certain temperature, but is detuned at a certain frequency. Quantitative analysis of the effect of anti-relaxation coatings on the spin polarization suggests that the appropriate average number of collisions of the Rb atoms with the inner surface of the cell is about 1500 times.
The spin-exchange-pumped nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope (NMRG) is a pivotal tool in quantum navigation. The transverse relaxation of atoms critically impacts the NMRG’s performance parameters and is essential for judging normal operation. Conventional methods for measuring transverse relaxation typically use dual beams, which involves complex optical path and frequency stabilization systems, thereby complicating miniaturization and integration. This paper proposes a method to construct a 133Cs parametric resonance magnetometer using a single-beam vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) to measure the transverse relaxation of 129Xe and 131Xe. Based on this method, the volume of the gyroscope probe is significantly reduced to 50 cm3. Experimental results demonstrate that the constructed Cs-Xe NMRG can achieve a transverse relaxation time (T2) of 8.1 s under static conditions. Within the cell temperature range of 70 °C to 110 °C, T2 decreases with increasing temperature, while the signal amplitude inversely increases. The research lays the foundation for continuous measurement operations of miniaturized NMRGs.
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope (NMRG) is the smallest atomic sensor in navigation level. Spin precession can be detected by measuring the optical rotation of the plane of an off-resonant linearly polarized probe beam. The optimal frequency and power of the probe beam counts for the performance of NMRG, which has been verified by our former experiments. The NMRG system would have higher sensitivity and lower consumption comparing to the circularly polarized probe beam. In this paper, we demonstrate the optimal frequency and power of an off-resonant linearly polarized probe beam by theoretical analysis and experimental verification. In theory, the off-resonant linearly polarized probe beam can be decomposed into two circularly polarized components of opposite helicity. Its plane of polarization will be rotated by an angle, due to the positive and negative helicity light experience different induces of refraction as it propagates through a birefringent medium. The off-resonant linearly polarized probe beam becomes partially absorbed by the alkali vapor as it propagates through the NMRG cell. The overall signal is determined by both optical signal and beam absorption. After optimizing the frequency and power of the probe, the magnetic field sensitivity was 2pT/Hz1/2.
We analyze the transverse nuclear magnetizations of 129Xe and 131Xe in a vapor cell containing natural Xe, 87Rb, and buffer gases. The Xe atoms are polarized through spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with Rb atoms under low-magnetic-field conditions. From the free-induction-decay (FID) signal, we measure the nuclear magnetization of the Xe atoms in the Xe-Rb vapor cell. Furthermore, we measure the dependence of the gyromagnetic ratio on the magnetization of 129Xe and 131Xe by examining the amplitude of the FID signal of each isotope, and we evaluate the relationship between the magnetic field gradient and transverse relaxation rate for both of the 129Xe and 131Xe isotopes.
We present a design for a spin-exchange optical pumping system to produce large quantities of highly polarized 129Xe and 131Xe. Low xenon concentrations in the flowing gas mixture which allow the laser to maintain high Cs polarization. The large spin-exchange rate between Cs and Xe through the long-lived van der Waals molecules at low pressure, combined with a high flow rate, results in large production rates of hyperpolarized xenon. The fast rates make it possible to obtain large nuclear polarizations after several minutes of optical pumping with a laser.At high Xe pressures. According to the theory, the longitudinal spin-elaxation rate 1T1 of Xe in a high-pressure sample containing only Xe and Cs vapor has the simple form is the velocity averaged binary spin-exchange cross section, It is the relaxation rate due to wall collisions and perhaps magnetic field inhomogeneities. Our results complement earlier studies performed at 129Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and 131Xe pressures of about 20 Torr and N2 pressures of 600 Torr . This work is useful for predicting spin-exchange rates between polarized Cs atoms and Xe nuclei.
A study of the physics of a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is described. Experimental results in nuclear polarization and relaxation in 3He are obtained using an optical pumping apparatus and a high resolution rf spectroscopic technique. Polarization in the metastable states of the heavy noble gases (20, 21 Ne, 129, 132 Xe) was observed using a similar optical pumping apparatus. A sensitive detection method based on optical polarization of an excited state transition is developed and compared with the conventional method of monitoring optical transmission through the optical pumping cell. A new concept for the optical pumping of odd-mass-numbered heavy noble was isotopes to provide for ground-state nuclear polarization is discussed. Significant polarization in excited state neon was observed via collisional transfer from optically pumped helium in a cell filled with a mixture of helium and neon isotopes. The measured polarization was essentially independent of the isotopic composition. (Author)