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Physics Letters A

Ion-number-density-dependent effects on hyperfine transition of trapped 199Hg+ ions in quadrupole linear ion traps

Zhi-Hui Yang, Yi-He Chen, Bibo Yan, Man Wang, Yong-Quan Wan, Hao Liu, Lei She, Jiaomei Li

Published Feb 7, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2017.02.006

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We discuss frequency standards based on laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions confined in cryogenic rf traps. In one experiment, the frequency of a microwave source is served to the ions' ground-state hyperfine transition at 40.5 GHz. For seven ions and a Ramsey free precession time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 (2) X 10-13 (tau) -1/2 for measurement times (tau) < 2 h. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistics and systematic errors, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which the standard is compared. In a second experiment under development, a strong-binding cryogenic trap will confine a single ion used for an optical frequency standard based on a narrow electric quadrupole transition at 282 nm. The bandwidth of the laser used to drive this transition is less than 10 Hz at 563 nm.

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Trapping and cooling large numbers of ions, each confined to much less than an optical wavelength, is of great interest for high accuracy spectroscopy, improved frequency standards and atom-radiation field experiments. This can be achieved in a linear rf ion trap where the rf electric fields go to zero along a line rather than at only a point. As a step toward this goal we have constructed a linear trap and have observed simple crystallized linear structures of up to tens of 199Hg+ ions. By varying the axial well depth (determined by a static potential) we have also observed more complex crystallized structures. The ion positions in these structures are in close agreement with a calculation that used as input the measured secular frequencies of the trap. We have also observed the 40.5-GHz ground-state hyperfine transition of trapped 199Hg+ ions by microwave/optical double resonance.
We discuss frequency standards based on laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions confined in cryogenic rf traps. In one experiment, the frequency of a microwave source is served to the ions' ground-state hyperfine transition at 40.5 GHz. For seven ions and a Ramsey free precession time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 (2) X 10-13 (tau) -1/2 for measurement times (tau) < 2 h. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistics and systematic errors, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which the standard is compared. In a second experiment under development, a strong-binding cryogenic trap will confine a single ion used for an optical frequency standard based on a narrow electric quadrupole transition at 282 nm. The bandwidth of the laser used to drive this transition is less than 10 Hz at 563 nm.