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Correlation-Based Power Allocation for Secure Transmission with Artificial Noise

Shihao Yan, Xiangyun Zhou, Nan Yang, Biao He, Thushara Dheemantha Abhayapala

Published Dec 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We examine for the first time the impact of transmitter-side correlation on the secure transmission with artificial noise (AN), based on which a new power allocation strategy for AN is devised for physical layer security enhancement. Specifically, we design a correlation-based power allocation (CPA) for AN, of which the optimality in terms of achieving the minimum secrecy outage probability is analytically proved in the large system regime with the number of transmit antennas approaching infinity. Our numerical results demonstrate that CPA is nearly optimal and can significantly outperform the widely-used uniform power allocation (UPA) even for a moderate (finite) number of correlated transmit antennas. Our numerical results also reveal a fundamental difference between the secrecy performance of CPA and that of UPA. When the number of correlated transmit antennas increases, we find that the secrecy outage probability of CPA always reduces while the secrecy outage probability of UPA suffers from a saturation point.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2016.7841703

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•Jan 1, 2014•0 citations
We examine for the first time the impact of transmitter-side correlation on the secure transmission with artificial noise (AN), based on which a new power allocation strategy for AN is devised for physical layer security enhancement. Specifically, we design a correlation-based power allocation (CPA) for AN, of which the optimality in terms of achieving the minimum secrecy outage probability is analytically proved in the large system regime with the number of transmit antennas approaching infinity. Our numerical results demonstrate that CPA is nearly optimal and can significantly outperform the widely-used uniform power allocation (UPA) even for a moderate (finite) number of correlated transmit antennas. Our numerical results also reveal a fundamental difference between the secrecy performance of CPA and that of UPA. When the number of correlated transmit antennas increases, we find that the secrecy outage probability of CPA always reduces while the secrecy outage probability of UPA suffers from a saturation point.
This paper, for the first time, examines the impact of transmitter-side correlation on the artificial-noise (AN)-aided secure transmission, based on which a new power allocation strategy for AN is devised for physical layer security enhancement. Specifically, we design a correlation-based power allocation (CPA) for AN, of which the optimality in terms of achieving the minimum secrecy outage probability is analytically proved in the large system regime with the number of transmit antennas approaching infinity. In order to fully reveal the benefits of the CPA, we derive easy-to-evaluate expressions for the secrecy outage probability achieved by the CPA. Our study demonstrates that the CPA is nearly optimal and significantly outperforms the widely used uniform power allocation (UPA) even for a moderately small number of correlated transmit antennas. Furthermore, our numerical results reveal a fundamental difference between the CPA and UPA. That is when the number of correlated transmit antennas increases, the secrecy outage probability of the CPA always reduces while the secrecy outage probability of the UPA suffers from a saturation point.
In this paper, we study the secure multi-antenna transmission with artificial noise (AN) under slow fading channels coexisting with randomly located eavesdroppers. We provide a comprehensive secrecy performance analysis and system design/optimization under a stochastic geometry framework. Specifically, we first evaluate the secrecy outage performance, and derive a closed-form expression for the optimal power allocation ratio of the information signal power to the total transmit power that minimizes the secrecy outage probability (SOP). Subject to a SOP constraint, we then propose a dynamic parameter transmission scheme (DPTS) and a static parameter transmission scheme (SPTS) to maximize secrecy throughput, and provide explicit solutions on the optimal transmission parameters, including the wiretap code rates, the on-off transmission threshold and the power allocation ratio. Our results give new insight into secure transmission designs. For example, secrecy rate is a concave function of the power allocation ratio in DPTS, and AN plays a significant role under SOP constraints and in dense eavesdropper scenarios. In SPTS, transmission probability is a concave function of the power allocation ratio, and secrecy throughput is a quasi-concave function of the secrecy rate. Numerical results are demonstrated to validate our theoretical analysis.
Wireless communication is particularly susceptible to eavesdropping due to its broadcast nature. Security and privacy issues have become increasingly critical for wireless networks. This paper considers the problem of secret communication in the multiuser downlink eavesdropped by a passive eavesdropper (EVE). The well-known zero-forcing preceding is adopted at the transmitter to produce concurrent data streams to the users, and at the same time an artificial noise (AN) is generated to prevent EVE from intercepting the information. We first derive an analytical closed-form expression for the secrecy sum-rate in the large system limit. We then use it as the objective function to optimize the power allocation (PA) between the information signals and the AN to maximize the secrecy sum-rate. A simple analytical expression of the optimal PA is derived in the high transmit power regime, which proves to be a near-optimal and generic strategy. The large system results are quite accurate for finite-size systems and thus can provide useful insights into system analysis and design. Our analytical and simulation results show that the AN assisted strategy achieves the same multiplexing gain as in the multiuser downlink without eavesdropping. Moreover, more power should be allocated to AN when the system serves fewer users and EVE has more antennas.
We consider the problem of secure communication in wireless fading channels in the presence of non-colluding passive eavesdroppers. The transmitter has multiple antennas and is able to simultaneously transmit an information bearing signal to the intended receiver and artificial noise to the eavesdroppers. We obtain an analytical closed-form lower bound for secrecy capacity, which is used as the objective function to optimize transmit power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analytical and numerical results show that equal power allocation is a simple and generic strategy which achieves near optimal capacity performance. We also find that adaptive power allocation based on each channel realization provides no or insignificant capacity improvement over equal power allocation.
This paper investigates secure multi-antenna transmission in slow fading channels without the eavesdropper's channel state information. The use of multiple transmit antennas enables the transmitter to strengthen the signal reception at the intended receiver while simultaneously confusing the eavesdropper by delivering artificial noise. A recently developed secrecy outage formulation, which can separately measure the quality of service and the level of security, is used to characterize the security performance. We show that an arbitrarily low secrecy outage probability cannot be achieved by adding more transmit antennas alone without optimizing other system parameters. To facilitate the practical system design, we present an on-off transmission scheme with optimal artificial noise power allocation, which minimizes the secrecy outage probability whilst guaranteeing a minimum required quality of service.
Exploiting the randomness embedded in wireless channels, the physical-layer security techniques can provide additional security robustness against malicious eavesdropping at the physical layer of communication systems. To further this line of study, this thesis focuses on developing advanced multi-antenna transmission strategies for enhancing the secrecy performance of wireless communication systems. Assuming perfect channel feedback from the desired receiver and none from the eavesdropper, we consider beamforming with smartly injected artificial noise, aiming to confuse the eavesdropper whilst leaving the desired receiver unaffected. The system parameters are either chosen to be fixed for all transmissions, or adaptively adjusted based on the channel feedback from the desired receiver. For both cases, we provide novel and explicit design solutions for achieving the maximum throughput subject to a secrecy outage constraint. We then derive accurate approximations for the maximum throughput, and give new insights into the additional power cost for achieving a higher security level and the throughput gain of adaptive transmission over non-adaptive transmission. Having investigated the perfect feedback scenario, we then relax the feedback assumption and consider practical effects imposed by limited feedback constraints on the channel from the desired receiver to the transmitter. To deal with quantization error due to limited feedback whilst also accounting for unknown channel of the eavesdropper, we specify a connection outage constraint to guarantee the reliability of desired communication and a secrecy outage constraint to guard against malicious eavesdropping. Under dual outage constraints, we derive a novel optimized rate-adaptive transmission design to maximize the average secrecy throughput. New insights regarding the optimal power/feedback allocation and the number of feedback bits required for efficient quantization are obtained through our analysis. Our preceding study focused on isolated point-to-point transmission without any interference. However, the performance of contemporary wireless networks is often limited by interference from concurrent transmissions. To characterize the impact of interference on secure communication, we consider an interference-limited large-scale network. To confuse the malicious eavesdroppers, in addition to information-bearing signals, the transmitters are designed to generate artificial noise through either beamforming or antenna sectoring in a distributed manner. For both cases, using tools from stochastic geometry, we provide a statistical characterization of the reliability performance of desired communication and the secrecy performance against eavesdropping. We then investigate the networkwide secrecy throughput performance and optimize the transmit power allocation. Our analysis reveals interesting differences between the beamforming and sectoring approaches in terms of the optimal power allocation and the maximum networkwide secrecy throughput.