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Chinese Physics B

Electric-field-modified Feshbach resonances in ultracold atom–molecule collision

Dong Cheng, Ya Li, Eryin Feng, Wuying Huang

Published Jan 1, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of near zero-energy Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of atom and molecule, taking the He–PH system as an example, subject to superimposed electric and magnetic static fields. We find that the electric field can induce Feshbach resonance which cannot occur when only a magnetic field is applied, through couplings of the adjacent rotational states of different parities. We show that the electric field can shift the position of the magnetic Feshbach resonance, and change the amplitude of resonance significantly. Finally, we demonstrate that, for narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance as in most cases of ultracold atom–molecule collision, the electric field may be used to modulate the resonance, because the width of resonance in electric field scale is relatively larger than that in magnetic field scale.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/26/1/013402

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We present a detailed analysis of near zero-energy Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of atom and molecule, taking the He–PH system as an example, subject to superimposed electric and magnetic static fields. We find that the electric field can induce Feshbach resonance which cannot occur when only a magnetic field is applied, through couplings of the adjacent rotational states of different parities. We show that the electric field can shift the position of the magnetic Feshbach resonance, and change the amplitude of resonance significantly. Finally, we demonstrate that, for narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance as in most cases of ultracold atom–molecule collision, the electric field may be used to modulate the resonance, because the width of resonance in electric field scale is relatively larger than that in magnetic field scale.
We present a detailed analysis of Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of Li and Cs atoms in the presence of superimposed electric and magnetic fields. We show that electric fields induce resonances through couplings between the sss- and ppp-wave scattering channels and modify the scattering length to a great extent. Electric-field-induced resonances lead to the anisotropy of ultracold scattering and provide the diagnostics for magnetic ppp-wave resonances in ultracold gases. We show that the electric field couplings may shift the positions of sss-wave magnetic resonances, thereby making the electric field control of ultracold atoms possible even far away from ppp-wave resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that electric fields may rotate and spin up the collision complex of ultracold atoms at substantial rates.
We present a detailed analysis of Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of Li and Cs atoms in the presence of superimposed electric and magnetic fields. We show that electric fields induce resonances through couplings between the sss- and ppp-wave scattering channels and modify the scattering length to a great extent. Electric-field-induced resonances lead to the anisotropy of ultracold scattering and provide the diagnostics for magnetic ppp-wave resonances in ultracold gases. We show that the electric field couplings may shift the positions of sss-wave magnetic resonances, thereby making the electric field control of ultracold atoms possible even far away from ppp-wave resonances. Finally, we demonstrate that electric fields may rotate and spin up the collision complex of ultracold atoms at substantial rates.
This Thesis describes new mechanisms for controlling elastic and inelastic collisions of ultracold atoms and molecules with static electromagnetic and laser fields. The dynamical properties of ultracold atoms are usually tuned in experiments by applying an external magnetic field to induce a Feshbach resonance. The work presented in this Thesis demonstrates the possibility of inducing and manipulating Feshbach resonances with electric fields. We discuss in detail the mechanisms of electric-field-induced resonances in ultracold mixtures of alkali metal atoms and demonstrate that electric fields may shift and split the magnetic resonances. We show that electric fields may spin up the collision complex of ultracold atoms and induce anisotropic scattering which may be exploited in experiments on many-body dynamics of ultracold gaseous mixtures. The mechanisms of electric-field-induced resonances described in this Thesis allow for two-dimensional control of inter-particle interactions, leading to total control over ultracold gases. To guide future experiments, we generate accurate interaction potentials for ultracold Li--Rb mixtures by fitting positions and widths of experimentally measured Feshbach resonances. Ultracold atomic and molecular gases can be confined by laser fields in one or two dimensions which produces an optical lattice of ultracold particles. We develop a multichannel scattering theory for collisions of atoms and molecules in two dimensions and explore the effects of the confining laser potential on inelastic and reactive collisions of ultracold atoms and molecules in a 1D optical lattice. We show that ultracold collisions can be controlled in a quasi-2D geometry by varying the orientation of a magnetic field with respect to the confinement plane normal and demonstrate that the threshold energy dependence of cross sections for inelastic collisions in an optical lattice can be tuned by varying the confining potential and the magnetic field. Our results show that applying laser confinement in one dimension may stabilize ultracold systems with large scattering lengths, which may open up interesting opportunities for studies of ultracold controlled chemistry and might lead to a new research direction of ultracold chemistry in restricted geometries.
Ultracold molecules provide opportunities for exploring quantum matter, chemical dynamics and information processing thanks to their rich interactions, which can be controlled by external fields. Magnetic fields tune interactions through Feshbach resonances, enabling the formation of ultracold dimers and triatomic molecules from atom-dimer collisions. Here we demonstrate electric-field control of atom-molecule Feshbach resonances. In mixtures of ground-state sodium-potassium molecules and potassium atoms, electric fields shift resonance positions systematically, revealing specific trimer bound states and their electric-field dependent energies. The response differs markedly from isolated dimers, showing hindered rotation of the molecular constituent near an atom. Electric fields therefore add an independent knob for atom-molecule resonances, open spectroscopic access to triatomic quantum states, and advance controlled polyatomic quantum matter.
The effects of combined external electric and magnetic fields on elastic collisions in ultracold Li-Rb mixtures are studied using recently obtained experimentally verified potentials. Our analysis provides both quantitative predictions for and a detailed physical interpretation of the phenomena arising from electric-field-induced interactions. It is shown that the electric field shifts the positions of intrinsic magnetic Feshbach resonances, generates copies of resonances previously restricted to a particular partial-wave collision to other partial-wave channels, and splits Feshbach resonances into multiple resonances for states of nonzero angular momenta. It was recently observed that the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction can also lift the degeneracy of a ppp-wave state splitting of the associated ppp-wave Feshbach resonance into two distinct resonances at different magnetic fields. Our work shows that the splitting of the resonances produced by an applied electric field is more than 1 order of magnitude larger. This phenomenon offers a complementary way to produce and tune an anisotropic interaction and to study its effect on the many-body physics of heteronuclear atomic gases.
We study the variation of the positions of two magnetically tuned Zero energy Feshbach resonances when a parallel superimposed electric field is applied. We show that their variation as a function of the electric field follows a simple analytical law and is then predictable. We find that depending on the initial state of the diatomic molecule the resonance is either shifted to higher or to lower values of the magnetic field when the electric field is applied. We calculate the Close Coupling lifetimes of these resonances and show that they also follow a simple law as a function of both the magnetic and the electric field. We demonstrate using this expression that the lifetime of the resonances can be maximised by choosing an appropriate value of the applied electric and found a good agreement with the results of our Close Coupling calculations. These results could be checked in future experiments dedicated to the 3He + NH collisions