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Acta Physica Sinica

Dynamic generation and manipulaition of electromagnetically induced 2D phtonic band-gaps

Yan Zhang, Yi-Mou Liu, Han Ming, Gangcheng Wang, Cui-Li Cui, Zheng Tai-Yu

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study the steady optical responses of a four-level Tripod cold 87Rb atomic system, which is driven by two mutually perpendicular strong standing-wave laser fields. It is found that satisfying the condition of a proper detuning between two strong fields, one nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap, where reflectivity can reach 95%, can be generated along each direction, respectively. Shifting a strong field (two strong fields) to a travelling-wave field (two travelling-wave fields), we can achieve a reflectivity platform and a transmissivity window (two transmissivity windows). Our new findings are beneficial to a novel all-optical switching and routing, which may have applications in complex all-optical information networks.

DOI
10.7498/aps.63.224203

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By using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency and solving density matrix equations for atoms and transfer matrix equations of fields, we study the steady optical properties of a four-level system of cold atoms driven by a traveling-wave field and a standing-wave field. It is found that a nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap can be generated with specific parameters. In particular, the reflectivity inside each photonic band-gap is homogeneous over 95%. It is convenient to modulate the positions and widths of both photonic band-gaps by changing intensities and frequencies of the driving fields. The double photonic band-gaps can be used to achieve all-optical routing and switching and therefore may have applications in all-optical information networks.
By investigating the steady optical response of a cold atomic ensemble, we find that one high-reflection band gap and one high-transmission region with comparable widths may be dynamically induced and well controlled around the probe resonance by a traveling-wave coupling field and a standing-wave grating field. The high-reflection band gap and the high-transmission region are then applied to devise a scheme for all-optical routing of two different light signals toward either the opposite or the same directions. This all-optical routing scheme is very efficient because both reflected and transmitted signals experience little loss and deformation, and thus it may have important applications in quantum information networks.
We analyze the optical response of a standing-wave driven four-level atomic system with double dark resonances. Fully developed double photonic band gaps arise as a result of periodically modulated refractive index within the two electromagnetically induced transparency widows. We anticipate that the dynamically induced band gaps can be used to coherently control the propagation of light-pulses with different center frequencies and may have applications in all-optical switching and routing for quantum information networks.
On the basis of coherently induced photonic gap structures,a new all-optical routing control scheme is proposed to simultaneously control the propagation dynamics of two weak light signals.With the transfer-matrix method to describe the coherent scattering of light waves in periodic media and the density-matrix equations to describe the resonant interaction between monochromatic laser fields and multi-level atoms,the steady reflection and transmission spectra are calculated for a coherently driven ultra-cold atomic ensemble as the control medium.The results show that,by changing the spatial patterns,intensity,and frequencies of two strong laser fields,a pair of special frequency bands(with ~95% reflectivity or ~95% transmissivity) can be first established near the probe resonance and then be manipulated at any time to induce two weak light signals of different frequencies into the desired network channels.This scheme well satisfies the basic requirements of low-deformation and low-loss for all-optical routing control of weak light signals in the field of quantum information processing.
A tripod atomic system driven by two standing-wave fields (a coupling and a driving) is explored to generate tunable double photonic bandgaps in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Both photonic bandgaps depend critically on frequency detunings, spatial periodicities, and initial phases of the two standing-wave fields. When the coupling and driving detunings are very close, a small fluctuation of one standing-wave field may demolish both photonic bandgaps. If the two detunings are greatly different, however, each standing-wave field determines only one photonic bandgap in a less sensitive way. Dynamic generation and elimination of a pair of photonic bandgaps shown here may be exploited toward the end of simultaneous manipulation of two weak light signals even at the single-photon level.
We study a cold atomic sample coherently driven into the five-level triple-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration for attaining a dynamically controlled triple photonic band-gap structure. Our numerical calculations show that three photonic band gaps with homogeneous reflectivities up to 9292%92 can be induced on demand around the probe resonance by a standing-wave driving field in the presence of spontaneously generated coherence. All these photonic band gaps are severely malformed with probe reflectivities declining rapidly to very low values when spontaneously generated coherence is gradually weakened. The triple photonic band-gap structure can also be attained in a five-level chain-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system of cold atoms in the absence of spontaneously generated coherence, which however requires two additional traveling-wave fields to couple relevant levels.