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All-optical routing control based on coherently induced high reflection band and high transmission band in a medium of cold atoms

Jin‐Hui Wu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

On the basis of coherently induced photonic gap structures,a new all-optical routing control scheme is proposed to simultaneously control the propagation dynamics of two weak light signals.With the transfer-matrix method to describe the coherent scattering of light waves in periodic media and the density-matrix equations to describe the resonant interaction between monochromatic laser fields and multi-level atoms,the steady reflection and transmission spectra are calculated for a coherently driven ultra-cold atomic ensemble as the control medium.The results show that,by changing the spatial patterns,intensity,and frequencies of two strong laser fields,a pair of special frequency bands(with ~95% reflectivity or ~95% transmissivity) can be first established near the probe resonance and then be manipulated at any time to induce two weak light signals of different frequencies into the desired network channels.This scheme well satisfies the basic requirements of low-deformation and low-loss for all-optical routing control of weak light signals in the field of quantum information processing.

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2014•1 citation
On the basis of coherently induced photonic gap structures,a new all-optical routing control scheme is proposed to simultaneously control the propagation dynamics of two weak light signals.With the transfer-matrix method to describe the coherent scattering of light waves in periodic media and the density-matrix equations to describe the resonant interaction between monochromatic laser fields and multi-level atoms,the steady reflection and transmission spectra are calculated for a coherently driven ultra-cold atomic ensemble as the control medium.The results show that,by changing the spatial patterns,intensity,and frequencies of two strong laser fields,a pair of special frequency bands(with ~95% reflectivity or ~95% transmissivity) can be first established near the probe resonance and then be manipulated at any time to induce two weak light signals of different frequencies into the desired network channels.This scheme well satisfies the basic requirements of low-deformation and low-loss for all-optical routing control of weak light signals in the field of quantum information processing.
By investigating the steady optical response of a cold atomic ensemble, we find that one high-reflection band gap and one high-transmission region with comparable widths may be dynamically induced and well controlled around the probe resonance by a traveling-wave coupling field and a standing-wave grating field. The high-reflection band gap and the high-transmission region are then applied to devise a scheme for all-optical routing of two different light signals toward either the opposite or the same directions. This all-optical routing scheme is very efficient because both reflected and transmitted signals experience little loss and deformation, and thus it may have important applications in quantum information networks.
By using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency and solving density matrix equations for atoms and transfer matrix equations of fields, we study the steady optical properties of a four-level system of cold atoms driven by a traveling-wave field and a standing-wave field. It is found that a nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap can be generated with specific parameters. In particular, the reflectivity inside each photonic band-gap is homogeneous over 95%. It is convenient to modulate the positions and widths of both photonic band-gaps by changing intensities and frequencies of the driving fields. The double photonic band-gaps can be used to achieve all-optical routing and switching and therefore may have applications in all-optical information networks.
Using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency, three photonic bandgaps can be established and manipulated at any time due to the refraction modulated periodically by the one-dimensional optical lattice in a tripod atomic system which is trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice with a Gaussian density distribution. Using the density-matrix equations to describe the interaction between laser and atoms and the transfer-matrix equation to describe the scattering of light waves in periodic media, we can obtain the steady reflection and transmission spectra. It can be found that the position and width as well as the reflectivity of the photonic band-gap could be tuned by changing the detunings and intensities of the coupling fields and the geometric Bragg detuning.
We study an ensemble of cold atoms driven to the four-level double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration and trapped in the one-dimensional optical lattices for achieving dynamically controlled photonic band gaps (PBGs) via the balanced four-wave mixing interaction. Numerical results show that a pair of PBGs characterized by high platforms of probe reflectivities and reduced density of photonic states are established, simultaneously, on both probe transitions in one symmetric driving scheme. Such two-color PBGs can be easily manipulated in position and width by modulating, e.g., the balanced Rabi frequencies of two coupling fields and the Gaussian widths of atomic density distributions, to change the equal probe detunings fulfilling both Bragg conditions. Each two-color PBG as predicted in the coherent atomic lattices may be explored to attain robust light entanglement, even for single-probe photons, via an efficient frequency conversion during the nonlinearly correlated reflection.
We study both the steady and the dynamic optical response of cold atoms trapped in an optical lattice and driven to the three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. These atoms are found to exhibit gain without population inversion when an incoherent pump is applied to activate spontaneously generated coherence. Gain-assisted double photonic band gaps characterized by reflectivities over 100% then grow up near the probe resonance due to the periodic distribution of the atomic density. These band gaps along with the neighboring allowed bands of transmissivities over 100% can be tuned by modulating the control field in amplitude, frequency, and, especially, phase. Consequently it is viable to realize a reflector, an amplifier, or a splitter when a weak incident light pulse is totally reflected in the photonic band gaps, totally transmitted in the allowed bands, or equally reflected and transmitted in the intersecting regions. Our results have potential applications in all-optical networks with respect to fabricating dynamically switchable devices for manipulating photon flows at low-light levels.
We study the steady optical responses of a four-level Tripod cold 87Rb atomic system, which is driven by two mutually perpendicular strong standing-wave laser fields. It is found that satisfying the condition of a proper detuning between two strong fields, one nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap, where reflectivity can reach 95%, can be generated along each direction, respectively. Shifting a strong field (two strong fields) to a travelling-wave field (two travelling-wave fields), we can achieve a reflectivity platform and a transmissivity window (two transmissivity windows). Our new findings are beneficial to a novel all-optical switching and routing, which may have applications in complex all-optical information networks.