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Journal of Modern Optics

Enhanced negative refractive index control in a 5-level system

Anas Othman, David O. Yevick

Published Dec 26, 2016• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we demonstrate that for a five-level atomic system in a dense gas interacting with two low-intensity fields by adjusting the ratio of the two magnetic amplitudes associated with the fields the effects of atomic coherence can be simply controlled. Furthermore, a negative index of refraction can be achieved over a wide wavelength range with minimal absorption.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2016.1271914

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In this paper we demonstrate that for a five-level atomic system in a dense gas interacting with two low-intensity fields by adjusting the ratio of the two magnetic amplitudes associated with the fields the effects of atomic coherence can be simply controlled. Furthermore, a negative index of refraction can be achieved over a wide wavelength range with minimal absorption.
Multicolor manipulation of negative refraction in a three-level Λ atomic system is theoretically investigated.Based on multicolor coherence, the negative refractive index can be obtained with reduced absorption.The refractive index can also be controlled by changing the sum of the phases of the sidebands in the trichromatic driving fields.By adjusting the sum phase, the refractive index can be varied between negative and positive in two different frequency bands.Furthermore, the frequency band corresponding to the negative refractive index is widened by increasing the intensity and the frequency difference of the trichromatic field.
Negative refraction of a probe field is studied in a dense gas consisting of cascade-type four-level atoms. By coupling the magnetic component of the probe field to a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme with initially prepared coherence in the two lower levels, strong negative permeability with minimal absorption can be obtained. The permittivity of the gas to the electric component of the probe field can be made negative by taking into account the local field effect of the dense atoms. Strong negative refraction with zero absorption can be achieved in a wide range of parameters in our scheme. A possible experimental realization is also discussed.
We propose a scheme for realizing negative refractive index in a V-type four-level atomic system. It is shown that the negative refractive index can be achieved in a wide frequency band based on the effect of quantum coherence. It is also found that the frequency band of negative refractive index and the absorption property of left-handed material are manipulated by the pump and control fields. Furthermore, left-handed material with reduced absorption is possible by choosing appropriate parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A proposal to produce negative permittivity based on the refractive index enhancement and Lorentz–Lorenz local field effect in dense atomic gases is presented. In strongly driving dense two-level atom system, the negative permittivity can be achieved by controlling atom coherence and atomic density. This method will significantly reduce the loss for the propagated optical wave and can be applied to the realization of isotropic single-negative materials in the atomic scale in the optical regime.
We propose two dense gas schemes of four-level 'Lambda'-type and V-type atoms based on the effect of quantum coherence. It is shown that under certain conditions the dense gas can simultaneously exhibit negative permittivity and negative permeability, and thus become a negative refractive-index material. Furthermore, by analyzing the absorption property of the left-handed materials, we find that the absoption can be reduced via choosing appropriate parameters. Such schemes might be used to fabricate isotropic and homogeneous left-handed material with vanishing absorption in a wider optical frequency band.
Enhancement and control of the index of refraction in a mixture of two three-level atomic species that form a pair of far-detuned $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ schemes under two-photon resonance has been studied. We employ the density-matrix approach to properly take population relaxation into account and to describe the interaction of each $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system with the electromagnetic fields. Both $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ systems are driven by a corresponding far-detuned coherent field at one atomic transition and are probed by the same weak field. In the dressed-state basis, it represents a superposition of effective two-level subsystems with the positions, widths, and amplitudes of the resonances controlled by the driving fields and allows for efficient control of the susceptibility of the total system; leading to refractive index (RI) enhancement with vanishing absorption in the absence of amplification. We analyze the experimental implementation of such a system in a cell of Rb atoms with a natural abundance of isotopes. An upper limit estimate of the RI enhancement is obtained.