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Journal of Modern Optics

Producing negative permittivity via quantum coherence and local field effect in dense media

Zhengzheng Zhang, Qiang Lan, Jie Zhang, Jianying Zhou

Published Sep 22, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A proposal to produce negative permittivity based on the refractive index enhancement and Lorentz–Lorenz local field effect in dense atomic gases is presented. In strongly driving dense two-level atom system, the negative permittivity can be achieved by controlling atom coherence and atomic density. This method will significantly reduce the loss for the propagated optical wave and can be applied to the realization of isotropic single-negative materials in the atomic scale in the optical regime.

DOI
10.1080/09500340600829135

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A proposal to produce negative permittivity based on the refractive index enhancement and Lorentz–Lorenz local field effect in dense atomic gases is presented. In strongly driving dense two-level atom system, the negative permittivity can be achieved by controlling atom coherence and atomic density. This method will significantly reduce the loss for the propagated optical wave and can be applied to the realization of isotropic single-negative materials in the atomic scale in the optical regime.
We propose two dense gas schemes of four-level 'Lambda'-type and V-type atoms based on the effect of quantum coherence. It is shown that under certain conditions the dense gas can simultaneously exhibit negative permittivity and negative permeability, and thus become a negative refractive-index material. Furthermore, by analyzing the absorption property of the left-handed materials, we find that the absoption can be reduced via choosing appropriate parameters. Such schemes might be used to fabricate isotropic and homogeneous left-handed material with vanishing absorption in a wider optical frequency band.
A closed four-level system in atomic vapour is proposed, which is made to possess left handedness by using the technique of quantum coherence. The density matrix method is utilized in view of the rotating-wave approximation and the effect of a local field in dense gas. The numerical simulation result shows that the negative permittivity and the negative permeability of the medium can be achieved simultaneously (i.e. the left handedness) in a wider frequency band under appropriate parameter conditions. Furthermore, when analysing the dispersion property of the left-handed material, we can find that the probe beam propagation can be controlled from superluminal to subluminal, or vice versa via changing the detuning of the probe field.
A scenario for realizing simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability of a two-photon quantum-coherent atomic vapor is suggested in order to achieve a left-handed atomic medium with a negative refractive index. One of the remarkable features of the present scheme is that it can lead to a controllable manipulation of the negative refractive index of the atomic vapor. Since the electric- and magnetic-dipole allowed transitions of atoms can be excited by visible and infrared lightwaves, the refractive index of the atomic vapor can exhibit its negative refractive index at optical and near-optical frequency bands. This may be a new scheme to fabricate a negatively refracting material based on the quantum optical approach. Such a three-dimensionally isotropic negative refractive index at visible and infrared wavelengths induced by the two-photon-resonant quantum coherence would find a potential application in fabrication of superlenses for perfect imaging and subwavelength focusing.
Abstract The local field contribution to some three‐ and four‐level coherent atomic vapors is considered, and a significant modification to optical properties due to dipole‐dipole interaction between neighboring atoms is discussed. It is found that the local field effect can reduce loss of a four‐level N‐type vapor medium at the resonant frequency in both the steady and transient cases. In order to achieve a left‐handed medium with a negative refractive index, a scenario to realize simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability inside a mixed coherent atomic vapor by using quantum coherence effect is suggested. One of the remarkable features of the present scheme is such that it can lead to a controllable manipulation of negative refractive index of an atomic vapor by using external coupling and signal fields. This may be a new scheme to fabricate the negatively refracting materials based on quantum optical approach.