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Physics World

Australia: The silicon route to quantum computing

Peter Pockley

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Silicon research in Australia has received a boost with the announcement that the government is to invest in research centres for quantum computers and advanccd solar cells at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). The work of both teams will depend on fabricating silicon of the highest purity with great precision. UNSW has a history of solar-cell research, including the formation of a spin-off company (see box).

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/13/1/12

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•Mar 1, 2020•1 citation
Silicon research in Australia has received a boost with the announcement that the government is to invest in research centres for quantum computers and advanccd solar cells at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). The work of both teams will depend on fabricating silicon of the highest purity with great precision. UNSW has a history of solar-cell research, including the formation of a spin-off company (see box).
Researchers in Australia have boldly declared that they will produce a prototype building block for the world's first quantum computer within 12 months. Quantum computers would exploit the ability of a particle to be in two quantum states at the same time, allowing them, in principle, to outperform classical computers by many orders of magnitude in some operations. Staff at the Australian Centre for Quantum Computing Technology say that a device based on two quantum bits, or “qubits”, will be ready within a year. While groups in other countries are pursing different strategies, the Australian scientists are basing their research on silicon chips, which, they say, have the advantage of already being widely used in industry.
Australia has world-class research in quantum technology, and has been a significant presence since the earliest days of the field. There has been sustained and substantial support from all levels of government, and an industrial base that has grown from a single quantum-technology company to a spectrum of businesses covering both software and hardware. Here, we discuss the Australian approach to quantum technology, briefly outlining the research and funding, discussing the current environment, and looking forward to the future.
In recent years, quantum computing has received increasing attention both domestically and internationally. Countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan, and Australia have invested large amounts of funds, and research achievements in quantum computing applications have begun to emerge. Among numerous quantum computing physical systems, semiconductor quantum computing is highly valued because of its scalability and compatibility with existing integrated circuits. After the introduction of research progress in semiconductor quantum computing at home and abroad, this paper explores the key scientific and technological challenges faced in the development of semiconductor quantum computing and the development trends of semiconductor quantum computing.
Abstract Quantum computation (QC) is one of the most challenging quantum technologies that promise to revolutionize data computation in the long-term by outperforming the classical supercomputers in specific applications. Errors will hamper this quantum revolution if not sufficiently limited and corrected by quantum error correction codes thus avoiding quantum algorithm failures. In particular millions of highly-coherent qubits arranged in a two-dimensional array are required to implement the surface code, one of the most promising codes for quantum error correction. One of the most attractive technologies to fabricate such large number of almost identical high-quality devices is the well known metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Silicon quantum processor manufacturing can leverage the technological developments achieved in the last 50 years in the semiconductor industry. Here, we review modeling, fabrication aspects and experimental figures of merit of qubits defined in the spin degree of freedom of charge carriers confined in quantum dots and donors in silicon devices along with classical electronics innovations for qubit control and readout. Furthermore, we discuss potential applications of the technology and finally we review the role of start-ups and companies in the silicon-based QC era.
A happy accident in the laboratory has led to a breakthrough discovery that not only solved a problem that stood for more than half a century, but has major implications for the development of quantum computers and sensors. [55] Significant technical and financial issues remain towards building a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer and one is unlikely to be built within the coming decade. [54] Chemists at Friedrich Schiller University in Jena (Germany) have now synthesised a molecule that can perform the function of a computing unit in a quantum computer. [53] The research team developed the first optical microchip to generate, manipulate and detect a particular state of light called squeezed vacuum, which is essential for HYPERLINK https://phys.org/tags/quantum/ quantum computation. [52] Australian scientists have investigated new directions to scale up qubits-utilising the spin-orbit coupling of atom qubits-adding a new suite of tools to the armory. [51] A team of international researchers led by engineers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have invented a new magnetic device to manipulate digital information 20 times more efficiently and with 10 times more stability than commercial spintronic digital memories. [50] Working in the lab of Mikhail Lukin, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics and co-director of the Quantum Science and Engineering Initiative, Evans is lead author of a study, described in the journal Science, that demonstrates a method for engineering an interaction between two qubits using photons. [49] Researchers with the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a new level of control over photons encoded with quantum information. [48] Researchers from Intel Corp. and the University of California, Berkeley, are looking beyond current transistor technology and preparing the way for a new type of memory and logic circuit that could someday be in every computer on the planet. [47]