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All-optical FM switch

Taciano Amaral Sorrentino, Martine Chevrollier, Marcos Oriá

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
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Abstract

We use the dynamic frequency response of a semiconductor laser submitted to an orthogonal-polarization feedback field to develop configurations of all-optical device such as a frequency converser, an amplitudefrequency converter and a switch between frequency states. Here we discuss particularly this last application. The laser used is a monomode 852 nm AsGaAl emitting around the D2 Cs line of a hot atomic vapor.

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•Dec 11, 2013•0 citations
We use the dynamic frequency response of a semiconductor laser submitted to an orthogonal-polarization feedback field to develop configurations of all-optical device such as a frequency converser, an amplitudefrequency converter and a switch between frequency states. Here we discuss particularly this last application. The laser used is a monomode 852 nm AsGaAl emitting around the D2 Cs line of a hot atomic vapor.
Orthogonally polarized optical feedback has been proven to act on the frequency of semiconductor lasers. The coupling of this feedback to a nonlinear filter results in bistability for the frequency of the laser output [Phys. Rev. Lett.94, 173902 (2005)]. This phenomenon opens the way to the development of all-optical devices such as a switch between frequency states of the optical emission. For demonstrating this particular application we use an AsGaAl monomode laser emitting around 852 nm, together with a warm atomic cesium vapor as a resonant filter. The output frequency state of the switch is determined by two different frequencies of a control laser, with each control frequency changing the switch frequency in only one direction.
We analyze the dynamics of semiconductor lasers radiation frequency when these lasers are subject to different conditions of optical feedback, and we demonstrate how it is possible to control the emission frequency using the different configurations explored. In the first system studied a semiconductor laser is fed back with light which polarization is orthogonal to the output polarization, spectrally filtered by a cesium atomic vapor. This system, besides presenting an effective technique to stabilize the laser frequency and reduce the laser linewidth, was the first to exhibit frequency bistable and multistable optical regimes with amplitude practically constant. This unique feature opens the way for applications in all-optical FM logical devices. The bistable and multistable regimes are interpreted through a phenomenological model, and, for the bistable regime, we discuss a rate equation model, built taking in account thermal effects and gain saturation. We also present an all-optical frequency switch, the first of his kind. The second system is used to investigate the behavior of the emission frequency of a semiconductor laser with an external cavity, inside which is placed an atomic filter. For different values of the injection current we observe the laser frequency locking in the atomic line, bistability and reproducible frequency instabilities.
Optical feedback with orthogonal polarization enables frequency sweep of semiconductor lasers and leads to frequency bistability when a resonant medium is used to filter the reinjected radiation. Here, we explore a configuration with two lasers coupled through mutual injection. Each laser injects and receives light with a polarization orthogonal to the plane of emission. Both injections are independently filtered by a resonant atomic vapor. We show that this more versatile version also exhibits bistable states, and that it is possible to reduce the laser frequency jitter as well as to invert its frequency hysteresis cycle on demand (from counterclockwise to clockwise and vice versa). Experimental demonstration is done with diode lasers emitting around 780 nm, using Rb thermal vapors as nonlinear filters.
This thesis reports the development of a simple-architecture laser system resonant at 895 nm used for the detection of high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances in Cs vapor cells. The laser system combines a distributed feedback-diode (DFB) laser, a pigtailed Mach-Zehnder intensity electro-optic modulator (EOM) driven at 4.596 GHz for the generation of optical sidebands frequency-splitted by 9.192 GHz and a Michelson delay-line system to produce a bichromatic optical field that alternates between right and left circular polarization. This polarization pumping scheme, pioneerly proposed by Happer's group in Princeton on K atoms, allows to pump optically a maximum number of Cs atoms into the 0-0 magnetic field insensitive clock transition. Advanced noise reduction techniques were implemented in order to stabilize the laser power, the optical carrier suppression at the output of the EOM and the DFB laser frequency. Using this system, we demonstrated the detection of CPT resonances with a contrast of 80% in cm-scale Cs vapor cells. This contrast was measured to be increased until a saturation effect with the laser power at the expense of the CPT line broandening. To circumvent this issue, we proposed with a simple setup Ramsey spectroscopy of CPT resonances in vapor cells to combine high-contrast and narrow linewidth of the CPT resonances. In this setup, the EOM is used both for optical sidebands generation and light switch to produce Ramsey interaction. Ramsey fringes of 166 Hz linewidth with a contrast better than 30% were detected with this setup. This laser system will be in a near future devoted to be used for the development of a high-performance CPT-based atomic clock.