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Applied Physics B

Optical Autler–Townes spectroscopy in a heteronuclear mixture of laser-cooled atoms

Cristian Bruni, Frank Münchow, Axel Görlitz

Published Dec 15, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s00340-016-6578-6

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The Autler–Townes (AT) doublet, a fundamental manifestation of quantum interference effects, serves as a critical tool for studying the dynamic behavior of Rydberg atoms. Here, we investigate the asymmetry of the Autler–Townes (AT) doublet in the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy (TLFS) of cesium (Cs) atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) with single-step Rydberg excitation using a 319-nm ultraviolet (UV) laser. A V-type three-level system involving the ground state 6S1/2 (F = 4), excited state 6P3/2 (F′ = 5), and Rydberg state (nP3/2 (mJ = +3/2)) is theoretically modeled to analyze the nonlinear dependence of the AT doublet’s asymmetry and interval on the cooling laser’s detuning. Experiments reveal that as the cooling laser detuning Δ1 decreases from −15 MHz to −10 MHz, the AT doublet exhibits increasing symmetry, while its interval shows a nonlinear decrease. Theoretical simulations based on the density matrix equation and Lindblad master equation align closely with experimental data, confirming the model’s validity. This study provides insights into quantum interference dynamics in multi-level systems and offers a systematic approach for optimizing precision measurements in cold atom spectroscopy.

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The Autler–Townes (AT) doublet, a fundamental manifestation of quantum interference effects, serves as a critical tool for studying the dynamic behavior of Rydberg atoms. Here, we investigate the asymmetry of the Autler–Townes (AT) doublet in the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy (TLFS) of cesium (Cs) atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) with single-step Rydberg excitation using a 319-nm ultraviolet (UV) laser. A V-type three-level system involving the ground state 6S1/2 (F = 4), excited state 6P3/2 (F′ = 5), and Rydberg state (nP3/2 (mJ = +3/2)) is theoretically modeled to analyze the nonlinear dependence of the AT doublet’s asymmetry and interval on the cooling laser’s detuning. Experiments reveal that as the cooling laser detuning Δ1 decreases from −15 MHz to −10 MHz, the AT doublet exhibits increasing symmetry, while its interval shows a nonlinear decrease. Theoretical simulations based on the density matrix equation and Lindblad master equation align closely with experimental data, confirming the model’s validity. This study provides insights into quantum interference dynamics in multi-level systems and offers a systematic approach for optimizing precision measurements in cold atom spectroscopy.
We experimentally investigate trap-loss spectra of the cesium 6S1/2(F = 4) → 71P3/2 Rydberg transition by combining the cesium atomic magneto-optical trap with the narrow-linewidth, continuously tunable 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser. Specifically, the atoms in the magneto-optical trap are excited to the Rydberg state due to the ultraviolet laser single-step Rydberg excitation, which leads to the reduction of atomic fluorescence. Based on the trap-loss spectroscopy technology, the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting due to a strong cooling laser is observed, and the parameter dependence of the AT splitting interval of trap-loss spectroscopy is investigated. The effective temperature of cold atoms is measured by using simplified time-of-flight fluorescence imaging. In addition, closed-loop feedback power stabilization of 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser is carried out. This lays the foundation for further experimental research related to the Rydberg atoms using ultraviolet lasers, which is of great significance for the development of quantum computing and quantum information.
Abstract We investigated the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting produced by microwave (mw) transitions between atomic Rydberg states explored by optical spectroscopy from the ground electronic state. The laser-atom Hamiltonian describing the double irradiation of such a multilevel system is analysed on the basis of the Morris–Shore transformation. The application of this transformation to the mw-dressed atomic system allows the identification of bright, dark, and spectator states associated with different configurations of atomic states and mw polarisations. We derived synthetic spectra that show the main features of Rydberg spectroscopy. Complex AT spectra are obtained in a regime of strong mw dressing, where a hybridisation of the Rydberg fine structure states is produced by the driving.