arXiv:2301.04915 · AIP Advances

Autler–Townes splitting in the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy due to single-step direct Rydberg excitation of cesium cold atomic ensemble

Xin Wang, Xiaokai Hou, Feifei Lu, Rui Chang, Lili Hao, Wenjing Su, Jiandong Bai, Jun He, Junmin Wang

Published Mar 1, 2023• 5 citations

Abstract

We experimentally investigate trap-loss spectra of the cesium 6S1/2(F = 4) → 71P3/2 Rydberg transition by combining the cesium atomic magneto-optical trap with the narrow-linewidth, continuously tunable 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser. Specifically, the atoms in the magneto-optical trap are excited to the Rydberg state due to the ultraviolet laser single-step Rydberg excitation, which leads to the reduction of atomic fluorescence. Based on the trap-loss spectroscopy technology, the Autler–Townes (AT) splitting due to a strong cooling laser is observed, and the parameter dependence of the AT splitting interval of trap-loss spectroscopy is investigated. The effective temperature of cold atoms is measured by using simplified time-of-flight fluorescence imaging. In addition, closed-loop feedback power stabilization of 318.6 nm ultraviolet laser is carried out. This lays the foundation for further experimental research related to the Rydberg atoms using ultraviolet lasers, which is of great significance for the development of quantum computing and quantum information.

DOI: 10.1063/5.0141479

Related papers

Single-Photon Rydberg Excitation and Trap-Loss Spectroscopy of Cold Cesium Atoms in a Magneto-Optical Trap by Using of a 319-nm Ultraviolet Laser System

Jiandong Bai, Shuo Liu, Jieying Wang +2 more

We demonstrate the single-photon Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2ground state to nP3/2(n = 70-100) Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319-nm ultra-violet laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the reduction of fluorescence signal of the MOT as partial population on 6S1/2(F = 4) ground state are transferred to Rydberg state. We clearly observe Autler-Townes doublet in the trap-loss spectra due to the cooling lights. Utilizing the large electric polarizibility of Rydberg atoms, we observe Stark splitting in the Autler-Townes doublet induced by background DC electric fields. We investigate the dependence of Stark shift on electric fields by theoretical analysis, and then infer the DC electric field from the measured Stark splitting. We find that there is a 44.8(4) mV/cm DC electric field in the vicinity of the cold ensemble. It indicates that high-lying Rydberg atoms can be used as sensors for DC electric fields.

arXiv:1811.05092IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum ElectronicsSep 17, 201925 citations

Asymmetry Analysis of the Autler–Townes Doublet in the Trap-Loss Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Cesium MOT with Single-Step Rydberg Excitation

Xiaokai Hou, Yuewei Wang, Jun He +1 more

The Autler–Townes (AT) doublet, a fundamental manifestation of quantum interference effects, serves as a critical tool for studying the dynamic behavior of Rydberg atoms. Here, we investigate the asymmetry of the Autler–Townes (AT) doublet in the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy (TLFS) of cesium (Cs) atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) with single-step Rydberg excitation using a 319-nm ultraviolet (UV) laser. A V-type three-level system involving the ground state 6S1/2 (F = 4), excited state 6P3/2 (F′ = 5), and Rydberg state (nP3/2 (mJ = +3/2)) is theoretically modeled to analyze the nonlinear dependence of the AT doublet’s asymmetry and interval on the cooling laser’s detuning. Experiments reveal that as the cooling laser detuning Δ1 decreases from −15 MHz to −10 MHz, the AT doublet exhibits increasing symmetry, while its interval shows a nonlinear decrease. Theoretical simulations based on the density matrix equation and Lindblad master equation align closely with experimental data, confirming the model’s validity. This study provides insights into quantum interference dynamics in multi-level systems and offers a systematic approach for optimizing precision measurements in cold atom spectroscopy.

arXiv:2503.13839PhotonicsApr 24, 20250 citations

Trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy of cesium magneto-optical trap with single-photon Rydberg excitation and the background electric field measurement and regulation

Xiaokai Hou, Yuewei Wang, Wenjing Su +2 more

Calibration and compensation of the background electric fields in the vicinity of the cold atomic ensemble are critically vital, for achieving quantum computing, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. Here the work presents and demonstrates a straightforward method for measuring and compensation of the background electric field by means of the trap-loss fluorescence spectroscopy (TLFS) of cesium (Cs) magneto-optical trap (MOT) with the Rydberg n P 3/2 states with principal quantum numbers n from 71 to 85. In our experiment, TLFS is induced by single-photon Rydberg excitation with a Cs MOT, utilizing a 319 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser characterized by narrow linewidth (less than 6 kHz), continuous fine-tuning of 1 GHZ, and ultra-low-intensity noise (the intensity fluctuates approximately ±0.06% over 25 minutes with sampling power of 3 mW). Using this method, we measure the intensity of the background electric field in the vicinity of a cold atomic ensemble of about 218.9 ± 7.5 mV/cm. Through adjustment of electrode plates the residual electric field was reduced to 116.3 mV/cm, which induces a Stark shift −84.1 MHz. Our experiments provide an easier and more straightforward method for measuring and regulating the background electric field and lay a foundation for optimizing electric field compensation and fast feedback systems in the future.

Optics ExpressJan 31, 20254 citations

Single-photon Rydberg excitation spectra of cesium atomic vapor with a 319nm ultra-violet laser

iandong Bai, Jieying Wang, Shuo Liu +2 more

We demonstrate the single-photon excitation spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms by means of a Doppler-free purely all-optical detection with a room-temperature vapor cell and a 319 nm ultra-violet (UV) laser. We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2 ground state to 71P3/2 Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319 nm UV laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the absorption of an 852 nm probe beam in a V-type three-level system. With a strong coupling light, we observe the Autler-Townes (AT) doublet, and the dependences of the separation and linewidths on the coupling intensity are experimentally investigated, which is consistent with the prediction based on the dressed state theory. Moreover, the AT splitting can be used to measure the Rabi frequency. In an external magnetic field, the Rydberg spectra of nondegenerate Zeeman sublevels are demonstrated. The splitting of the spectrum is of great significance for studying the characteristics of Rydberg atoms.

Jun 1, 20180 citations

Autler-Townes splitting of ultracold cesium Rydberg atoms

Xue Yong-Mei, Hao Li-Ping, Jiao Yue-Chun +4 more

Autler-Townes (A-T) splitting, known as an AC Stark effect, shows a change of an absorption/emission spectral line of a probe beam when an oscillating field is tuned in resonance with the atomic or molecular transition. The A-T splitting is observed in different three-level atoms and widely investigated in a vapor cell and in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The A-T splitting plays an important role in the atom-based microwave electric-field measurements where a cascade three-level system involving Rydberg state is adopted. In this work, an A-T splitting is observed in an ultracold cesium Rydberg gas, which is cooled down to about 100 pK and center density is about 1010 cm-3 in a conventional MOT by using the laser cooling technology. We present the A-T spectrum in a ladder three-level atomic system involving a 34D5/2 Rydberg state. The cesium ground state (6S1/2), excited state (6P3/2) and Rydberg state (34D5/2) constitute a Rydberg three-level system. A coupling laser, locked to the Rydberg transition by using a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency signal that is obtained from a cesium room-temperature vapor cell, couples 6P3/2 (F'=5) 34D5/2 Rydberg transition. A weak probe laser, stabilized to a ground-state transition by using a polarization spectroscopy, is swept, covering the transition 6S1/2 (F=4) 6P3/2 (F'=5) with a double-passed acousto-optic modulator. The probe and coupling lasers are counter-propagated through the MOT center. The power of probe light is 200 pW, corresponding Rabi frequency p=21.05 MHz. During the experiment, 50 s after turning off the trapping laser, both the coupling and probe beams are switched on and last 100 s. The A-T spectrum as a function of the probe detuning is detected with a single-photon counter module detector. We use Gaussian multiple peak fitting to obtain the positions of the A-T peaks and the A-T splitting. The measured A-T splitting is proportional to the Rabi frequency of the coupling light. We numerically solve the density matrix equations to obtain the A-T spectrum, and the calculations reproduce A-T spectra well. The measured A-T splitting shows good agreement with the theoretical calculation for Rabi frequency of the coupling light c29 MHz. The A-T splitting is less than the calculation for the case of c29 MHz, the deviation is mainly attributed to the increased dephasing rate induced by the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms, whose number increases with the coupling laser Rabi frequency. In this work, the adopted method for the cascade three-level system involving Rydberg state is also suitable for -and V-type cases.

Acta Physica SinicaJan 1, 20173 citations

Autler—Townes doublet in the absorption spectra for the transition between excited states of cold cesium atoms

Qiangbing Liang, Baodong Yang, Jianfeng Yang +2 more

Autler—Townes splitting in absorption spectra of the excited states 6 2 P 3/2 –8 2 S 1/2 of cold cesium atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap has been observed. Experimental data of the Autler—Townes splitting fit well to the dressed-atom theory, by which the fact of the cold atoms dressed by cooling/trapping laser beams is revealed. The results of the theoretical fitting with experiment not only told us the effective Rabi frequency cold atoms experienced, but also could be used for measuring the probability amplitudes of the dressed states.

Chinese Physics BNov 1, 20105 citations