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International conference on fiber optics and photonics

Routing of controllable single photon at a node of quantum network

Santosh Kumar, Gaurav Gautam, Deepak Kumar, Saikat Ghosh

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We proposed a model for a controlled single-photon beam-splitter which can route photons with near-unity efficiency. It consists of two crossed optical-cavities with overlapping waists, dynamically coupled to a single flying atom in an effective weak-coupling regime. The two such nodes, forming a segment of a quantum network, are shown to perform several controlled quantum operations. This model can be extended to various other physical systems including gated quantum dots, circuit-QED and opto-mechanical systems.

DOI
10.1364/photonics.2016.th3a.76

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We proposed a model for a controlled single-photon beam-splitter which can route photons with near-unity efficiency. It consists of two crossed optical-cavities with overlapping waists, dynamically coupled to a single flying atom in an effective weak-coupling regime. The two such nodes, forming a segment of a quantum network, are shown to perform several controlled quantum operations. This model can be extended to various other physical systems including gated quantum dots, circuit-QED and opto-mechanical systems.
Abstract A model for a controlled single-photon beam-splitter is proposed and analyzed. It consists of two crossed optical-cavities with overlapping waists, dynamically coupled to a single flying atom. The system is shown to route a single photon with near-unity efficiency in an effective ‘weak-coupling’ regime. Furthermore, two such nodes, forming a segment of a quantum network, are shown to perform several controlled quantum operations. All one-qubit operations involve a transfer of a photon from one cavity to another in a single node, while two-qubit operations involve transfer from one node to a next one, coupled via an optical fiber. Novel timing protocols for classical optical fields are found to simplify possible experimental realizations along with achievable effective parameter regime. Though our analysis here is based on a cavity-QED scenario, basic features of the model can be extended to various other physical systems including gated quantum dots, circuit-QED or opto-mechanical elements.
Abstract We present a theoretical study of controlled single-photon routing in a cavity-quantum electrodynamics system coupled to dual waveguides, where each cavity embedding with a two-level atom mediates photon transport between two channels. The proposed system achieves enhanced routing performance through tailored phase-dependent cavity–waveguide couplings that generate optimized quantum interference patterns. Using a real-space formalism, we derive analytical expressions for single-photon scattering amplitudes and identify optimal conditions for maximum routing efficiency. Our analysis shows that targeted routing with near-unity efficiency can be realized by precisely manipulating both the accumulated phase and differential phase shift, while the atom–cavity coupling strength enables frequency-selective tunability. Furthermore, we demonstrate engineered nonreciprocal transmission and chiral scattering, enabling deterministic control over photonic propagation direction. This phase-tunable protocol establishes a scalable platform for quantum network implementation and enables novel functionalities in photonic quantum information processing.
Quantum emitters coupled to nanophotonic structures are an excellent platform for controllable single-photon scattering. The tunable light-matter interaction enables the construction of a single-photon switch -- a device that can route a single photon from an input port to a selected output port. Such single-photon switching devices can be integrated into reconfigurable photonic circuits to actively control the photon propagation direction in a quantum network. Ideally, a single-photon switch should operate with high speed, efficiency, and fidelity, preserving the state of the input photon in the routing process. This review brings together key input-output methods from quantum optics, theoretical proposals of emitter-based single-photon routing mechanisms, and experimental demonstrations of single-photon switching devices across different physical platforms, including semiconductor quantum dots, neutral atoms, superconducting qubits, and color centers. We highlight the need for reporting the key figures of merit (speed/efficiency/fidelity) in future single-photon switch demonstrations to support further developments in the field.
We study analytically the dynamics of cavity QED nodes in a practical quantum network. Given a single 3-level ΛΛΛ-type atom or quantum dot coupled to a micro-cavity, we derive several necessary and sufficient criteria for the coherent trapping and generation of a single photon pulse with a given waveform to be realizable. We prove that these processes can be performed with practical hardware -- such as cavity QED systems which are operating deep in the weak coupling regime -- given a set of restrictions on the single-photon pulse envelope. We systematically study the effects of spontaneous emission and spurious cavity decay on the transfer efficiency, including the case where more than one excited state participates in the dynamics. This work should open the way to very efficient optimizations of the operation of quantum networks.
We examine a quantum routing mechanism utilizing a giant-atom-like array coupled to two one-dimensional waveguides. The giant-atom-like array is formed by a one-dimensional array of three-level-systems. In the regime of strong atom-waveguide coupling and weak inter-atomic interactions, this system functions as an efficient and directionally controllable single-photon router. Our analysis shows that the routing behavior is influenced by effective phase accumulation and interference effects, which can be adjusted by varying the number of coupling sites NNN, the photon energy EEE, and the inter-atomic coupling strength JJJ. Importantly, we identify configurations that enable perfect photon transfer (100%100 \%100% efficiency) over a wide range of energies and that provide dynamic control over the output channel. In addition, we investigate how the system responds to changes in its internal parameters, demonstrating the robustness and scalability of routing performance. These findings underscore the potential of this setup for implementation in reconfigurable and integrated quantum photonic networks.