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Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Физико-математические науки

Оптическая эхо-спектроскопия высококонцентрированного кристалла YAG:Tm3+

Каримуллин Камиль Равкатович, В. А. Зуйков, Калачёв Алексей Алексеевич, Самарцев Виталий Владимирович

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

Two-pulse, stimulated and accumulated photon echoes are investigated for the first time in a highly doped crystal Tm:YAG containing 10 at.% Tm3+. The decay curves of the two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes generated at 793,15 nm on the transition 3H6(1)-3H4(1) of the impurity ions are measured in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Parameters describing the energy and phase relaxation are determined. The dependence of the accumulated photon echo intensity on the number of excitation pulse pairs is investigated.

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Laser Physics Letters•Apr 26, 2006•8 citations
Two-pulse, stimulated and accumulated photon echoes are investigated for the first time in a highly doped crystal Tm:YAG containing 10 at.% Tm3+. The decay curves of the two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes generated at 793,15 nm on the transition 3H6(1)-3H4(1) of the impurity ions are measured in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Parameters describing the energy and phase relaxation are determined. The dependence of the accumulated photon echo intensity on the number of excitation pulse pairs is investigated.
Two-pulse, stimulated and accumulated photon echoes are investigated for the first time in a highly doped crystal Tm:YAG containing 10 at.% Tm 3+ . The decay curves of the two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes generated at 793.15 nm on the transition 3 H 6 (1)– 3 H 4 (1) of the impurity ions are measured in the absence of an applied magnetic field and parameters describing the energy and phase relaxation are determined. The dependence of the intensity of the accumulated photon echo on the number of excitation pulse pairs is investigated.
Photon-echo-relaxation measurements made on the 3H4^{3}\mathrm{H}_{4}3H4​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$P0{\mathrm{P}}_{0}P0​ transition of 0.01 at. % Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+:YAG (where YAG represents yttrium aluminum garnet), 3H4^{3}\mathrm{H}_{4}3H4​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{1}$D2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}D2​ transition in 0.1 at. % Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+:YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​, and 7F0^{7}\mathrm{F}_{0}7F0​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{5}$D0{\mathrm{D}}_{0}D0​ transition in 0.25 at. % Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+:YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​ show that the photon-echo relaxation rate increases when the intensities of the excitation pulses are increased. Although a part of the relaxation-rate increase in Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+:YAG may be attributed to an instantaneous spectral diffusion (ISD) in which the presence of excited neighboring Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ ions change the local field and the absorption frequency of the rare-earth ions, our data deviate significantly from the ISD-model predictions. An additional intensity-dependent relaxation mechanism is required to explain the results.
High-bandwidth accumulated spectral gratings are experimentally studied in Tm3+:YAG by the stimulated-photon-echo technique with a mode-locked picosecond Ti:sapphire laser system. The experimental results show that the spectral grating builds up and decays on the time scale of the metastable-state lifetime (∼10 ms), provided that the time interval of accumulating shots is of the order of the excited-state lifetime (800 µs). An echo efficiency of the order of 0.1% was achieved with pulse intensities 2 orders of magnitude less than those needed for a single-shot process. These results fit well an analytic solution of the Bloch equations and a three-level system relaxation model.
Highly efficient two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes are experimentally demonstrated in an absorbing medium. Recall efficiencies of 235% and 150% with excellent signal contrast are measured for two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes, respectively, in a Tm:YAG crystal with an absorption length of 3.8. The reported efficiencies do not include any correction for decay or beam profile. We believe that this is the first demonstration of an uncorrected echo efficiency greater than 100% with good signal fidelity in an optically thick medium.
We observed a linear DC Stark effect for 3H6 – 3H4 optical transition of Tm3+ ions in Y3Al5O12. We observed that application of electric field pulse suppresses the two-pulse photon echo signal. If we then apply a second electric pulse of opposite polarity the echo signal is restored again, which indicates the linear nature of the observed effect. The effect is present despite the D2 symmetry of the Tm3+ sites that prohibits a linear Stark effect. Experimental data analysis shows that the observed electric field influence can be attributed to defects that break the local crystal field symmetry near Tm3+ ions. Using this effect we demonstrate selective retrieval of light pulses in two-pulse photon echo.
It is reported about the first observation and studying of the photon echo in LuLiF4:Er3+. The energy transition is 4I15/2→4F9/2 (λ=6536 Å). The density of ErF3 is 0.025 wt%. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were spent at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. It was studied a behavior of the photon echo intensity versus the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and versus the laser pulse separation t 12. It was observed an exponential growth and then, after some plateau, an exponential decreasing of the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field with increasing of the magnetic field from zero value. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decreasing are not depended on direction of magnetic field. Value of a magnetic field at which the echo intensity accepts the maximum, and quantity of this maximum decrease with increased the pulse separation t 12 and the angle θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity exponentially decreases with increased θ. The parameter describing the exponential decreasing is not depended on the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time is depended on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T 2 is equal to 202±16 ns at zero magnetic field. Phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependencies. Polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied also.