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Laser Physics

Quantum control of dressed state population for Li 2 molecules by intense femtosecond laser pulses

Xiao Han, Wei-Shen Zhan, Shuo Wang, Jing-Bo Zai, Hai-Ping Dang

Published Dec 17, 2015• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigated the Autler–Townes splitting in photoelectron spectra of molecules steered by ultrashort laser pulses using the time-dependent wave-packet method. Structure of the Autler–Townes splitting was presented to analyze the information of a selective population of the dressed states. It was found that population transfer process, structure of photoelectron spectrum and pattern of Autler–Townes splitting can be controlled by adjusting the intensity, wavelength and delay time of laser pulses.

DOI
10.1088/1054-660x/26/2/026001

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arXiv:2311.08248•Physical Review A•Mar 15, 2024•5 citations
Abstract We investigated the Autler–Townes splitting in photoelectron spectra of molecules steered by ultrashort laser pulses using the time-dependent wave-packet method. Structure of the Autler–Townes splitting was presented to analyze the information of a selective population of the dressed states. It was found that population transfer process, structure of photoelectron spectrum and pattern of Autler–Townes splitting can be controlled by adjusting the intensity, wavelength and delay time of laser pulses.
We study the dynamics of potassium atoms in intense laser fields using femtosecond phase-locked pulse pairs in order to extract physical mechanisms of strong field quantum control. The structure of the Autler–Townes (AT) doublet in the photoelectron spectra is measured to analyse transient processes. The analysis shows that the physical mechanism is based on the selective population of dressed states (SPODS). Experimental results of closed loop optimization of SPODS are presented in addition. Applications to decoherence measurements with implications for quantum information are also proposed.
Population of the 4p state of K atom was studied theoretically by means of dressed states theory when a sequence of two laser pulses is used to excite K atom from the 4s to the 4p state.Relationships of the population of the dressed states and area of the first pulse and delay time between two pulses were obtained.Then the relationship between Autler-Townes doublet and the delay time was investigated by using the formula attained.It is shown that Autler-Townes doublet of the 4p state can be controlled by the delay time between the two pulses selecting the population of the dressed state,because of the delay time and the area of the first pulse which has a fixed value equal to 0.5π.
Coherent control beyond population control and spectral interferences is demonstrated on the interferences and intensity of the two Autler-Townes (AT) components in the photoelectron spectrum of K atoms, using a sequence of two intense time-delayed femtosecond laser pulses. Photoelectron spectra were taken at various delay times between the two laser pulses and at different laser intensities at a fixed delay time. With respect to the interferences in the AT doublet the role of time delay and laser intensity is interchangeable for $(n+0.5)\ensuremath{\pi}$ excitation. Strong laser fields or the optical phase of the delayed laser pulse allow the quantum mechanical phase of an atomic state to be manipulated in a symmetrical fashion. The observations are discussed in terms of a two-level model coupled to the continuum. For suitable combinations of the laser intensity of the first pulse and the time delay, the second laser pulse leaves the excited state population unchanged.
We study the photoelectron spectra of hydrogen and helium ionized by intense ultrafast two-color XUV laser pulses by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.The photon energy of the pump pulse is tuned to the 1s-2p excitation energy, inducing Rabi oscillations between these bound states and forming an Autler-Townes (AT) doublet of dressed states.When ionized by a time-delayed ultrafast XUV pulse with duration shorter than the Rabi oscillation period, we find novel and drastically enhanced AT splittings in the photoionization spectrum.We identify their origin in terms of the temporal interference of two attosecond wave packets whose spectral distribution is controlled by the interplay between Rabi frequency and bandwidth of the probe pulse.These time-dependent features in the spectra can be much larger than the standard AT spacing induced by the pump pulse alone and can be controlled by the time delay and the duration of the probe pulse.
We theoretically investigate the Autler–Townes(AT)splitting in the photoelectron spectrum of four-level ladder K2molecule driven by a pump 1-pump 2-probe pulse via employing the time-dependent wave packet approach.The effects of the pump-1 laser intensity and wavelength on AT splitting are studied for the first time.The magnitude of AT splitting increases with increasing the pump-1 laser intensity.The triple splitting with asymmetric profile occurs due to the nonresonant excitation.The triple structure is transformed into a double structure(near-resonant region),and then becomes a peak(far-off resonant region)progressively as the pump-1 laser is detuned from the resonance wavelength,which can be explained in terms of the asymmetric excitation/population of dressed states.The splitting between adjacent peaks and the splitting between the two sideband peaks in the triplet do not change with the pump-1 pulse wavelength.The three peaks shift toward lower energy with the same shift 1/4*△1 as the pump-1 wavelength changes in near-resonant region.The asymptotic behaviors of AT splitting with the pump-1 laser intensity are interesting in the threshold points of the near-resonant region and the far-off resonant region.
We propose a scheme to control the shape of the Autler-Townes (AT) doublet in the photoelectron spectrum from atomic resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). The scheme is based on the interference of two AT doublets created by ionization of the strongly driven atom from the ground and the resonantly excited state using tailored bichromatic femtosecond laser pulses. In this scheme, the quantum phase of the photoelectrons is crucial for the manipulation of the AT doublet. The laser polarization state and the relative optical phase between the two colors are used to manipulate the interference pattern. We develop an analytical model to describe the bichromatic REMPI process and provide a physical picture of the control mechanism. To validate the model, the results are compared to an ab initio calculation based on the solution of the two-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for the nonperturbative interaction of an atom with intense polarization-shaped bichromatic femtosecond-laser pulses. Our results indicate that the control mechanism is robust with respect to the laser intensity, facilitating its experimental observation.