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Physical Review A

Cooling of macroscopic mechanical resonators in hybrid atom-optomechanical systems

Xi Chen, Yong‐Chun Liu, Pai Peng, Yanyan Zhi, Yun‐Feng Xiao

Published Sep 22, 2015• 100 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Cooling macroscopic objects is of importance for both fundamental and applied physics. Here we study the optomechanical cooling in a hybrid system which consists of a cloud of atoms coupled to a cavity optomechanical system. On one hand, the asymmetric Fano or electromagnetically induced transparency resonance is explored and the steady-state cooling limits of resonators with frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ are analytically obtained, permitting ground-state cooling of massive low-frequency resonators beyond the resolved sideband limit. On the other hand, due to the excitation-saturation effect, the validity of cooling requires the number of atoms to be much larger than the number of steady-state excitations, which is proportional to ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Thus, this limitation plays a minor role in cooling higher-frequency resonators, but becomes important for macroscopic lower-frequency resonators. Under such limitation on the number of atoms, the optimal parameters are quantified. Our study can be a guideline for both theoretical and experimental study of cooling macroscopic objects in atom-optomechanical hybrid systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.033841

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Ground-state cooling of mechanical resonators is a prerequisite for the observation of various quantum effects in optomechanical systems and thus has always been a crucial task in quantum optomechanics. In this paper, we study how to realize ground-state cooling of the mechanical mode in a Fano-mirror optomechanical setup, which allows for enhanced effective optomechanical interaction but typically works in the (deeply) unresolved-sideband regime. We reveal that for such a two-sided cavity geometry with very different decay rates at the two cavity mirrors, it is possible to cool the mechanical mode down to its ground state within a broad range of parameters by using an appropriate single-sided coherent feedback. This is possible even if the total optical loss is more than seven orders of magnitude larger than the mechanical frequency and the feedback efficiency is relatively low. Importantly, we show that a more standard double-sided feedback scheme is not appropriate to cooperate with a Fano-mirror system.
We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system composed of a micromechanical oscillator as a movable membrane and an atomic three-level ensemble within an optical cavity. We show that a suitably tailored cavity field response via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the atomic medium allows for strong coupling of the membrane's mechanical oscillations to the collective atomic ground-state spin. This facilitates ground-state cooling of the membrane motion, quantum state mapping, and robust atom-membrane entanglement even for cavity widths larger than the mechanical resonance frequency.
We present a scheme for ground-state cooling of a mechanical resonator by simultaneously coupling it to a superconducting qubit and a cavity field. The Hamiltonian describing the hybrid system dynamics is systematically derived. The cooling process is driven by a red-detuned ac drive on the qubit and a laser drive on the optomechanical cavity. We have investigated cooling in the weak and the strong coupling regimes for both the individual system, i.e., qubit assisted cooling and optomechanical cooling, and compared them with the effective hybrid cooling. We show that in the weak coupling and resolved sideband regime, cooling is more efficient in the hybrid case for a specific choice of parameters. On the other hand, in the strong coupling, the hybrid cooling is found to be more effective compared to the individual cooling mechanisms in the resolved regimes.
Abstract Ground-state cooling of mesoscopic mechanical objects is still a major challenge in the unresolved-sideband regime. We present a frequency modulation (FM) scheme to achieve cooling of the mechanical resonator to its ground-state in a double-cavity optomechanical system containing a mechanical resonator. The mean phonon number is determined by numerically solving a set of differential equations derived from the quantum master equations. Due to efficient suppression of Stokes heating processes in the presence of FM, the ground-state cooling, indicated by numerical calculations, is significantly achievable, regardless of whether in the resolved-sideband regime or the unresolved-sideband regime. Furthermore, by choosing parameters reasonably, the improvement of the quantum cooling limit is found to be capable of being positively correlated with the modulation frequency. This method provides new insight into quantum manipulation and creates more possibilities for applications of quantum devices.
We investigate dynamical properties and the ground-state cooling of a mechanical oscillator in an optomechanical system coupling with an atomic ensemble. In this hybrid optomechanical system, an atomic ensemble which consists of two-level atoms couples with the cavity field. Here we consider the case where the atomic ensemble is in higher excitation. Studies show that the atom-field coupling strength can obviously influence the cooling process, and we can achieve the ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator by choosing the appropriate physical parameters of the system. Our cooling mechanism has potential applications in quantum information processing and procession measurement.
Abstract We propose a ground state cooling scheme for an optomechanical resonator based on the system of a V-type three-level QD ensemble trapped in a two-mode cavity. The two-mode cavity was pumped by two different deriving fields. We studied the optomechanical cooling under the highly unresolved-sideband and beyond Lamb-Dicke regime (coupling strength between the cavity field and the phonon field not far less than the vibrational frequency). Our results show that the noise spectrum appeared a single peak when the detuning of the QD’s high excitation state and high-frequency driving field equals that of the QD’s low excitation state and low-frequency driving field, otherwise, then appeared double peaks. In the case of double peaks, we can realize the transition between optomechanical cooling and heating by changing the coupling strength of QD with cavity field, which is not available in the case of a single peak. We also studied the evolution of the mean phonon number with time, which is helpful to analyze ground state optomechanical cooling.