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arXiv:1105.0281 · Physical Review A

Atom-membrane cooling and entanglement using cavity electromagnetically induced transparency

Claudiu Genes, Helmut Ritsch, Michael Drewsen, Aurélien Dantan

Published Nov 14, 2011• 115 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system composed of a micromechanical oscillator as a movable membrane and an atomic three-level ensemble within an optical cavity. We show that a suitably tailored cavity field response via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the atomic medium allows for strong coupling of the membrane's mechanical oscillations to the collective atomic ground-state spin. This facilitates ground-state cooling of the membrane motion, quantum state mapping, and robust atom-membrane entanglement even for cavity widths larger than the mechanical resonance frequency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.051801

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We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system composed of a micromechanical oscillator as a movable membrane and an atomic three-level ensemble within an optical cavity. We show that a suitably tailored cavity field response via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the atomic medium allows for strong coupling of the membrane's mechanical oscillations to the collective atomic ground-state spin. This facilitates ground-state cooling of the membrane motion, quantum state mapping, and robust atom-membrane entanglement even for cavity widths larger than the mechanical resonance frequency.
We report on the realization of a hybrid optomechanical system in which ultracold atoms are coupled to a micromechanical membrane. The atoms are trapped in the intensity maxima of an optical standing wave formed by retroreflection of a laser beam from the membrane surface. Vibrations of the membrane displace the standing wave, thus coupling to the center-of-mass motion of the atomic ensemble. Conversely, atoms imprint their motion onto the laser light, thereby modulating the radiation pressure force on the membrane. In this way, the laser light mediates a long-distance coherent coupling between the two systems. When the trap frequency of the atoms is matched to the membrane frequency, we observe resonant energy transfer. Moreover, we demonstrate sympathetic damping of the membrane motion by coupling it to laser-cooled atoms. Theoretical investigations show that the coupling strength can be considerably enhanced by placing the membrane inside an optical cavity. This could lead to quantum coherent coupling and ground-state cooling of the membrane via a distant atomic ensemble.
We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system in which a membrane oscillator is coupled to a collective spin of ground states of an intracavity ΛΛΛ-type three-level atomic medium. The cavity field response is greatly modified by atomic coherence and the anomalous dispersion generated by two Raman pumping beams near two-photon resonance. The optomechanical interaction, therefore radiation pressure force, is substantially enhanced due to superluminal propagation of photons in the cavity. Such improvement facilitates ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator with room temperature thermal environment. Moreover, it can greatly improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of displacement measurement. In such system, optically-controlled strong-coupling interaction between the mechanical oscillator and cavity field could be implemented on small intracavity photon number, even at the single quanta level, which is important for weak-light nonlinear photonics and the generation of nonclassical quantum states in the mechanical field.
We discuss a hybrid quantum system where a dielectric membrane situated inside an optical cavity is coupled to a distant atomic ensemble trapped in an optical lattice. The coupling is mediated by the exchange of sideband photons of the lattice laser, and is enhanced by the cavity finesse as well as the square root of the number of atoms. In addition to observing coherent dynamics between the two systems, one can also switch on a tailored dissipation by laser cooling the atoms, thereby allowing for sympathetic cooling of the membrane. The resulting cooling scheme does not require resolved sideband conditions for the cavity, which relaxes a constraint present in standard optomechanical cavity cooling. We present a quantum mechanical treatment of this modular open system which takes into account the dominant imperfections, and identify optimal operation points for both coherent dynamics and sympathetic cooling. In particular, we find that ground state cooling of a cryogenically precooled membrane is possible for realistic parameters.
In this thesis, I report on the realization of a hybrid optomechanical system in which ultracold atoms are coupled to a micromechanical membrane. The atoms are trapped in the intensity maxima of an optical standing wave formed by retroreflection of a laser beam from the membrane surface. Vibrations of the membrane displace the standing wave, thus coupling to the center-of-mass motion of the atomic ensemble. Conversely, atoms imprint their motion onto the laser light, thereby modulating the radiation pressure force on the membrane. In this way, the laser light mediates a long-distance, coherent coupling between the two systems. \n \nWhen the trap frequency of the atoms is matched to the membrane frequency, we observe resonant energy transfer. In addition, by applying simultaneous laser cooling to the atoms, we can dissipate energy from the coupled system leading to sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode. The experimental data follows the theoretical estimations that predict the coupling to scale with the number of trapped atoms. Furthermore, by including the finite temperature of the atoms and their spatially inhomogeneous trapping potential in the theoretical model of the optomechanical coupling, we can accurately describe the width and shape of the resonance. \n \nIn an improved experimental setup, the membrane is enclosed in a cavity while the atoms are trapped in the standing wave lattice outside the cavity. The presence of the cavity results in a considerable enhancement of the coupling strength in proportion to the cavity finesse. So far we have observed sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode by a factor of 32 starting from room temperature. Theoretical estimates show that in such a setup ground-state cooling of the membrane mode should be possible, allowing one to access the quantum coherent coupling regime.
We study a hybrid system composed of a three-level atomic ensemble inside an optomechanical cavity. The mechanical oscillator is coupled to the internal state of the atomic ensemble via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), created by the intra-cavity field and an off-resonance control laser. The fluctuation in the output-coupled cavity field is fed back to the mechanical oscillator. We use a combination of feedback and EIT-assisted cooling of the oscillator to its quantum ground state and then establish coherent coupling between the oscillator and the atomic spin. The superposition of the atomic state and oscillator is studied in different regimes of optomechanical and light–atom coupling strengths and the conditions for creating a single atom-phonon polaron is identified. We observe coherent superposition of fluctuations in a range of optomechanical and atomic cooperativities.
Abstract We investigate a hybrid multi-cavity optomechanical system with interference from a two-level atomic ensemble. The system is composed of three optical cavities and two nanomechanical resonators. A two-level atomic ensemble is filled into the middle optical cavity. The optical cavity located in the middle has two interaction forces with the two outermost optical cavities. What is more, the system also includes various types of interaction relations, which are the couplings of optical cavities with mechanical resonators and the coupling of optical cavity with two-level atomic ensemble. In order to study the optical response of optomechanically induced transparency, we modulate the interaction intensity within the system to obtain different eletromagnetic induced transparent phenomena. It has been found that under the influence of different parameters, the number of transparent windows and the width of transparent windows increase with an increase in the coupling of the optical cavities with atomic ensemble. In addition, as the system parameters change, the transparency points also move. The position of the two outermost transparent points becomes farther apart when the coupling of optical cavity with mechanical resonators increases. Our approach provides a great flexibility for controlling electromagnetically induced transparency. It will have the great potential applications for quantum information processing.