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arXiv:1407.3614 · Laser Physics Letters

Strong coupling of an optomechanical system to an anomalously dispersive atomic medium

Haibin Wu, Min Xiao

Published Oct 30, 2014• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system in which a membrane oscillator is coupled to a collective spin of ground states of an intracavity $Λ$-type three-level atomic medium. The cavity field response is greatly modified by atomic coherence and the anomalous dispersion generated by two Raman pumping beams near two-photon resonance. The optomechanical interaction, therefore radiation pressure force, is substantially enhanced due to superluminal propagation of photons in the cavity. Such improvement facilitates ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator with room temperature thermal environment. Moreover, it can greatly improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of displacement measurement. In such system, optically-controlled strong-coupling interaction between the mechanical oscillator and cavity field could be implemented on small intracavity photon number, even at the single quanta level, which is important for weak-light nonlinear photonics and the generation of nonclassical quantum states in the mechanical field.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/11/12/126003

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We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system in which a membrane oscillator is coupled to a collective spin of ground states of an intracavity ΛΛΛ-type three-level atomic medium. The cavity field response is greatly modified by atomic coherence and the anomalous dispersion generated by two Raman pumping beams near two-photon resonance. The optomechanical interaction, therefore radiation pressure force, is substantially enhanced due to superluminal propagation of photons in the cavity. Such improvement facilitates ground-state cooling of the mechanical oscillator with room temperature thermal environment. Moreover, it can greatly improve the sensitivity and bandwidth of displacement measurement. In such system, optically-controlled strong-coupling interaction between the mechanical oscillator and cavity field could be implemented on small intracavity photon number, even at the single quanta level, which is important for weak-light nonlinear photonics and the generation of nonclassical quantum states in the mechanical field.
We investigate a hybrid optomechanical system composed of a micromechanical oscillator as a movable membrane and an atomic three-level ensemble within an optical cavity. We show that a suitably tailored cavity field response via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the atomic medium allows for strong coupling of the membrane's mechanical oscillations to the collective atomic ground-state spin. This facilitates ground-state cooling of the membrane motion, quantum state mapping, and robust atom-membrane entanglement even for cavity widths larger than the mechanical resonance frequency.
We study the optical bistability and dynamics in a hybrid optomechanical system, where the cavity mode is coupled to the mechanical resonator via radiation pressure and to a two-level atom via the Jaynes–Cummings coupling. The nonlinearity due to optomechanical coupling and the addition of an atom leads to bistable behaviors of the steady-state intracavity photon number and atomic population inversion. We show that the optical bistability can be effectively controlled by the Rabi frequency of the atomic driving field, the cavity–atom coupling strength, and the amplitude and frequency of the cavity pump field. Moreover, the effects of different initial conditions of the cavity field and the amplitude of the cavity pump field on the dynamics of the system also have been discussed.
In this thesis, I report on the realization of a hybrid optomechanical system in which ultracold atoms are coupled to a micromechanical membrane. The atoms are trapped in the intensity maxima of an optical standing wave formed by retroreflection of a laser beam from the membrane surface. Vibrations of the membrane displace the standing wave, thus coupling to the center-of-mass motion of the atomic ensemble. Conversely, atoms imprint their motion onto the laser light, thereby modulating the radiation pressure force on the membrane. In this way, the laser light mediates a long-distance, coherent coupling between the two systems. \n \nWhen the trap frequency of the atoms is matched to the membrane frequency, we observe resonant energy transfer. In addition, by applying simultaneous laser cooling to the atoms, we can dissipate energy from the coupled system leading to sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode. The experimental data follows the theoretical estimations that predict the coupling to scale with the number of trapped atoms. Furthermore, by including the finite temperature of the atoms and their spatially inhomogeneous trapping potential in the theoretical model of the optomechanical coupling, we can accurately describe the width and shape of the resonance. \n \nIn an improved experimental setup, the membrane is enclosed in a cavity while the atoms are trapped in the standing wave lattice outside the cavity. The presence of the cavity results in a considerable enhancement of the coupling strength in proportion to the cavity finesse. So far we have observed sympathetic cooling of the membrane mode by a factor of 32 starting from room temperature. Theoretical estimates show that in such a setup ground-state cooling of the membrane mode should be possible, allowing one to access the quantum coherent coupling regime.
Cavity optomechanics represents a flexible platform for the implementation of quantum technologies, useful in particular for the realization of quantum interfaces, quantum sensors and quantum information processing. However, the dispersive, radiation-pressure interaction between the mechanical and the electromagnetic modes is typically very weak, harnessing up to now the demonstration of interesting nonlinear dynamics and quantum control at the single photon level. It has already been shown both theoretically and experimentally that if the interaction is mediated by a Josephson circuit, one can have an effective dynamics corresponding to a huge enhancement of the single-photon optomechanical coupling. Here we analyze in detail this phenomenon in the general case when the cavity mode and the mechanical mode interact via an off-resonant qubit. Using a Schrieffer-Wolff approximation treatment, we determine the regime where this tripartite hybrid system behaves as an effective cavity optomechanical system in the strong coupling regime.
We investigate a hybrid quantum system consisting of a cavity optomechanical device optically coupled to an ultracold quantum gas. We show that the dispersive properties of the ultracold gas can be used to dramatically modify the optomechanical response of the mechanical resonator. We examine hybrid schemes wherein the mechanical resonator is coupled either to the motional or the spin degrees of freedom of the ultracold gas. In either case, we find an enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude in optomechanical cooling due to this hybrid interaction. Significantly, based on demonstrated parameters for the cavity optomechanical device, we identify regimes that enable the ground-state cooling of the resonator from room temperature. In addition, the hybrid system considered here represents a powerful interface for the use of an ultracold quantum gas for state preparation, sensing, and quantum manipulation of a mesoscopic mechanical resonator.
We investigate the steady-state properties of a hybrid system where many cold atoms are confined in an optical cavity with a movable end mirror. The confined cold atoms interact with an external pump field and an internal cavity field in the three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration. The internal cavity field is excited by an external driving field and exerts a radiation pressure upon the movable end mirror. Then the coupled atom-light and optomechanical interactions offer an efficient nonlinear feedback mechanism permitting the observation of three steady-state solutions for relevant variables near one atomic resonance. We find, in particular, that the weak-cavity-field assumption may result in very large errors for the first and second solutions when the number of cavity photons is only about 106{10}^{6}106. The main reason is that a typically weak light field can result in a sufficiently strong atom-light interaction in a very small cavity. Going beyond the weak-cavity-field assumption also allows us to observe an otherwise absent bistable behavior for the first solution in terms of mirror displacement and cavity photons, which is easy to control by modulating the pump and driving fields.