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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Entangled Photon Generation in Lithium Niobate Microdisk Resonators Through Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion

Ian W. Frank, Jeremy Moore, James Kenneth Douglas, Ryan M. Camacho, Matt Eichenfield

Published Jan 1, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dispersion engineering enables phase matching for nonlinear down conversion from 775nm to the telecom c-band in lithium niobite microdisk resonators without periodic poling. High rates of spontaneous creation of entangled photon pairs is observed.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2016.sm2e.6

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On-chip bright quantum sources with multiplexing ability are extremely high in demand for the integrated quantum networks with unprecedented scalability and complexity. Here, we demonstrate an ultrabright and broadband biphoton quantum source generated in a lithium niobate microresonator system.Without introducing the conventional domain poling, the on-chip microdisk produces entangled photon pairs covering a broad bandwidth promised by natural phase matching in spontaneous parametric down conversion.Experimentally, the multiplexed photon pairs are characterized by 30 nm30\ \rm nm30 nm bandwidth limited by the filtering system, which can be furthered enlarged.Meanwhile, the generation rate reaches $5.13\ {\rm MHz}/\upmu \rm W$ with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio up to 804804804.Besides, the quantum source manifests the prominent purity with heralded single photon correlation gH(2)(0)=0.0098±0.0021g_H^{(2)}(0)=0.0098\pm0.0021gH(2)​(0)=0.0098±0.0021 and energy-time entanglement with excellent interference visibility of 96.5%±1.9%96.5\%\pm1.9\%96.5%±1.9%. Such quantum sources at the telecommunication band pave the way for high-dimensional entanglement and future integrated quantum information systems.
Nonlinear wavelength conversion is essential for many classical and quantum pho-tonic applications. The underlying second-order nonlinear optical processes, however, generally exhibit limited spectral bandwidths that impact their application potential. Here we use a high-Q X-cut lithium niobate microdisk resonator to demonstrate both second-harmonic generation and spontaneous parametric down-conversion on chip. In particular, our lithium niobate microresonator, with its wide-range cyclic phase matching and rich optical mode structures, is able to achieve ultra-broadband spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with a bandwidth over 400 nm, inferred from recorded spectra of the down-converted photons. The produced biphoton pairs exhibit strong temporal correlation, with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio measured to be 43.1. Our device is promising for integrated quantum photonics where optical frequency could be used as a degree of freedom for signal processing.
Generation of entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelength has been garnering a growing interest in the context of quantum communications and quantum computing. Several generation techniques have been proposed, including spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing in resonators or Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) in Periodically Polled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) waveguides. Large photon pair efficiencies have been demonstrated in particular in PPLN on insulator [3]. However, polarization entangled photon pair generation (Type II phase matching configuration) suffers from a less favourable non-linear coefficient and optical mode birefringence in PPLN.
Abstract Polarisation-entangled photon pairs generated through nonlinear optical processes are crucial ingredients for a range of quantum information processing applications, such as quantum sensing and communication. In this work, we report an optimised design of a lithium niobate on insulator waveguide that is capable of directly generating polarisation-entangled photon pairs enabled through two different spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes simultaneously in the telecommunication wavelength band with a single poling period, based on Type II phase matching. The generated photon pairs cover wavelengths in telecom O (1310 nm) and telecom C (1550 nm) bands with the computed spectral brightness of ≈ 2 × 10 9 pairs sec − 1 mW − 1 . We also study the effect of temporal delay on the quality of entanglement, which is minimised by selecting an appropriate length of the waveguide and pump bandwidth. The optimised integrated quantum light source, presented here, eliminates the need for complex domain engineering or intermodal dispersion and will serve as a valuable resource for various quantum-optical experiments.
Abstract On-chip bright quantum sources with multiplexing ability are extremely high in demand for the integrated quantum networks with unprecedented scalability and complexity. Here, we demonstrate an ultrabright and broadband biphoton quantum source generated in a lithium niobate microresonator system. Without introducing the conventional domain poling, the on-chip microdisk produces entangled photon pairs covering a broad bandwidth promised by natural phase matching in spontaneous parametric down conversion. Experimentally, the multiplexed photon pairs are characterized by 30 nm bandwidth limited by the filtering system, which can be furthered enlarged. Meanwhile, the generation rate reaches 5.13 MHz/μW with a coincidence-to- accidental ratio up to 804. Besides, the quantum source manifests the prominent purity with heralded single photon correlation g(2)H(0)=0.0098±0.0021 and energy-time entanglement with excellent interference visibility of 96.5%±1.9%.