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IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials

Research Progress of Low-power Superconducting Integrated Circuits

Yuki Yamanashi, Naoki Takeuchi, Nobuyuki Yoshikawa

Published Jan 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, several new ultra-low-power superconducting circuits, which can contribute to drastic improvement of power efficiency of information processing, have been proposed and implemented. These power-efficient superconducting circuits can be divided into dc-biased and ac-biased circuits. This paper overviews the current status of the development of power-efficient superconducting digital circuit technologies mentioning our researches mainly. Moreover, hybridization of dc-biased and ac-biased superconducting circuits is discussed for building low-power and high-performance digital information processing systems.

DOI
10.1541/ieejfms.136.734

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We have developed a new superconducting digital technology, Reciprocal Quantum Logic, that uses ac power carried on a transmission line, which also serves as a clock. Using simple experiments, we have demonstrated zero static power dissipation, thermally limited dynamic power dissipation, high clock stability, high operating margins, and a low bit-error rate. These features indicate that the technology is scalable to far more complex circuits at a significant level of integration. On the system level, Reciprocal Quantum Logic combines the high speed and low-power signal levels of single-flux-quantum signals with the design methodology of semiconductor digital logic, including low static power dissipation, low latency combinational logic, and efficient device count.
Superconductive electronics offers a unique combination of high bandwidth and low power for mission critical hardware such as digital processors at 20 to 100 GHz, microwatt per bit analog to digital converters, large digital switches at multi-Gb/s data rates, and low noise parametric amplifiers. This cryogenic technology, typically operating at a few degrees or a few tens of degrees Kelvin, depends upon the unique physics of superconducting materials such as Nb, NbN, and YBaCuO, and the fundamental circuit element, the Josephson junction (JJ) to create unique architectures of unprecedented design efficiency and performance. These circuits are based on the single flux quantum (SFQ) logic family, a technology that has no parallel in semiconductor electronics. Digital data is transmitted by voltage pulses with amplitude less than 1 mV, but at extremely high speeds. Individual gates have been operated as high as 370 GHz. In this paper, we present a brief overview of superconductive digital technology, describe some recent circuits, and discuss how the challenges to superconductive technology are being met, including the use of multi-chip module (MCM) technology, and the potential use of III-V HBT and HEMT circuits to provide interface drivers and amplifiers, possibly operated cryogenically.
Superconductor devices are promising for building large-scale quantum computing systems. This article reports the current status and issues of the superconductor classical (digital and mixed-signal) circuit technology for quantum computing applications. The single-flux-quantum-based circuits provide advanced signal processing featuring several gigahertz clock frequencies, high sensitivity, and ultra-low power operation at a millikelvin-level temperature and are helpful for control and readout of quantum bits. The superconductor cryogenic peripheral circuits are expected to be a key to breakthrough in system scalability.