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Journal of Optics

A narrow-band coherent perfect absorption in bright–bright mode coupling metamaterials

Xinguang Hu, Shuai Yuan, Ammar Armghan, Yang Liu, Cheng Hui Zeng, Zheng Jiao, Hai-Jiang Lv, Ying Huang, Qingzhong Huang, Yi Wang, Jinsong Xia

Published Nov 16, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We numerically and theoretically show that a narrow-band coherent perfect absorption (CPA) can be realized in simple bright–bright mode coupling metamaterials. By adjusting the geometric parameters of metamaterial structures, the Q factor can reach 102 at 1552.8 nm with absorption exceeding 99.99%. Results show that the small resonant detuning between the two bright modes plays a crucial role in forming the CPA. Dissipation loss is responsible for tailoring the performance of CPA while the coupling strength can be used to tune the CPA resonance point to the expected wavelength. These results show the capability of metamaterials for sensors, coherence filters, modulators and ultrafast optical data processing in coherent networks.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8978/18/12/125101

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Abstract We numerically and theoretically show that a narrow-band coherent perfect absorption (CPA) can be realized in simple bright–bright mode coupling metamaterials. By adjusting the geometric parameters of metamaterial structures, the Q factor can reach 102 at 1552.8 nm with absorption exceeding 99.99%. Results show that the small resonant detuning between the two bright modes plays a crucial role in forming the CPA. Dissipation loss is responsible for tailoring the performance of CPA while the coupling strength can be used to tune the CPA resonance point to the expected wavelength. These results show the capability of metamaterials for sensors, coherence filters, modulators and ultrafast optical data processing in coherent networks.
The capability of optical resonators to extend the effective radiation-matter interaction length originates from a multipass effect, hence is intrinsically limited by the resonator's quality factor. Here, we show that this constraint can be overcome by combining the concepts of resonant interaction and coherent perfect absorption (CPA). We demonstrate and investigate super-resonant coherent absorption in a coupled Fabry-Perot (FP)/ring cavity structure. At the FP resonant wavelengths, the described phenomenon gives rise to split modes with a nearly-transparent peak and a peak whose transmission is exceptionally sensitive to the intracavity loss. For small losses, the effective interaction pathlength of these modes is proportional respectively to the ratio and the product of the individual finesse coefficients of the two resonators. The results presented extend the conventional definition of resonant absorption and point to a way of circumventing the technological limitations of ultrahigh-quality resonators in spectroscopy and optical sensing schemes.
Abstract A broadband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) scheme consisting of an optical resonator coupled with three-level atoms excited by single cavity mode is proposed and analyzed. We show the output light field from the system is completely suppressed under specific conditions when the system is excited in linear and nonlinear regimes by two identical light fields from two ends of optical cavity. An analytical broadband CPA criterion for central and sideband excitations of cavity quantum electrodynamics system is derived in linear regime. Moreover, we show the resonant excitation criterion for CPA is greatly extended in nonlinear regime. A new type of bistability behavior is found. The output field intensity and the bistability curve can be well tuned by dynamically adjusting system parameters. Our results demonstrate that the CPA is quite universal, and it should be useful in a variety of applications in optical logic and optical communication devices.
In the past few years, a new phenomenon of absorption, called “coherent perfect absorption (CPA)”, has attracted significant attentions [1, 2]. CPA relies on the coherent interference of light. In a typical CPA system, two coherent beams are incident on the absorber from opposite sides and the reflected light of one beam interfere with the transmitted light of the other and vice versa. CPA was first realized using a silicon slab cavity, and has then been reported in composite absorptive films, planar metamaterials, graphene, waveguides and so on.
We present an alternative route to realize coherent perfect absorption (CPA) and subnatural narrowing by vacuum-induced coupling (VIC) between excited levels of an atomic ensemble in an optical nanofiber (ONF) cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system. By employing the VIC arising from quantum interference between the spontaneous emission pathways from the upper excited doublet to one common ground state in the three-level VVV-type atoms, a very narrow absorption resonance can be observed in the generated dark-state spectral window owing to quantum destructive interference between the spontaneous emission pathways. The spectroscopic output feature exhibits a reduced linewidth, which is much narrower than both the empty-cavity linewidth and the atomic transition linewidth. As a check, the approximate analytical results for the ONF cavity-output power and linewidth of interest agree well with the numerical simulations. Furthermore, we find that the CPA can be used to probe the existence of the VIC effect. By tuning the relative phase between the two input light fields appropriately, the conversion between the CPA and coherent perfect transmission (CPT) can be realized in both the linear and nonlinear excitation regimes, i.e., the relative phase can switch the ONF CQED system from a perfect photon absorber to a nearly perfect photon transmitter. Also, we analyze the optical bistability of the ONF CQED system and its phase dependence in the nonlinear excitation regime. Such interference control of the CPA-to-CPT (or vice versa) scheme proposed here may have potential applications in optical logical devices for optical computing and quantum information processing.
Abstract We propose a scheme for realizing the coherent perfect absorption (CPA) by exploiting the moderate coupling between the electric and magnetic resonators in an electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) system. Moreover, the ideal parity-time (PT) symmetry can be established in such a passive system by precisely engineering the rate between the scattering and dissipative losses of resonators as well as their coupling. Specifically, by controlling the phase difference between two incident waves, the absorption ratio of CPA at the peak frequency can be dynamically modulated from 1 to 0. Such a scheme provides an effective route to construct absorbing devices.
Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) extinguishes optical fields through interference and dissipation, but conventional implementations rely on material loss that is largely fixed after fabrication. Here we demonstrate all-optically controllable CPA based on frequency conversion in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide resonator. Pump-driven frequency conversion couples a resonant signal field at 1581 nm in the main system to a non-resonant environmental mode at 780 nm, creating a dynamically tunable effective loss channel. The nonlinear cavity acts as a tunable lossy beamsplitter without intrinsic material absorption. Under coherent two-sided signal injection, we observe up to 92 % absorption. We further introduce environment-assisted CPA by injecting an external field into the frequency-converted environmental mode, turning the environment from a passive loss reservoir into an addressable coherent control port. Our results establish a frequency-conversion-based platform for all-optical control of dissipation in CPA, combining pump-tunable loss with environment-assisted coherent control.