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Nonequilibrium dynamics of exactly solvable one-dimensional many-body Bose systems

Dario Jukić

Published Feb 17, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Nonequilibrium dynamics of interacting many-body systems is extremely interesting in the context of one-dimensional (1D) bosonic gases for many reason

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We apply Quantum Monte Carlo technique to analyze the non equlibrium state of a trapped 1d Bose gas just after the quenching of the confining potential. As a matter of fact we solve the time dependent Schroedinger equation for the system of one-dimensional bosons interacting via delta potential in an infinite square well (namely Lieb-Liniger model) using Feynman-Kac path integral Monte Carlo technique. These 1d systems are extremely interesting and worth investigating in the context of non-equilibrium dynamics of interacting many body systems. Even though the systems can be realized experimentally and are exactly solvable by Bethe Ansatz, the diffusion Monte Carlo is proven to be more efficient in most circumstances than other mean value techniques as the numerical method can incorporate the finite interaction very easily. Using N particle ground state wavefunction for one-dimensional hard core bosons in a harmonic trap, we develop an algorithm to calculate density. We also observe the change in the density distribution by changing the length of the hard wall box. After an increase in the box length, we still get a self-similar density distribution.
We report on the observation of many-body spin dynamics of interacting, one-dimensional (1D) ultracold bosonic gases with two spin states. By controlling the nonlinear atomic interactions close to a Feshbach resonance we are able to induce a phase diffusive many-body spin dynamics of the relative phase between the two components. We monitor this dynamical evolution by Ramsey interferometry, supplemented by a novel, many-body echo technique, which unveils the role of quantum fluctuations in 1D. We find that the time evolution of the system is well described by a Luttinger liquid initially prepared in a multimode squeezed state. Our approach allows us to probe the nonequilibrium evolution of one-dimensional many-body quantum systems.
Quantum many-body physics has been studied for many decades. A lot of intriguing phenomena have been observed and theories have been developed. Yet many problems remain unsolved, which is largely due to a lack of general efficient classical computation method. One-dimensional (1D) systems have also drawn much attention over the past few decades. One reason is that many unique strongly correlated quantum phenomena only appear in low dimensions. Another reason is that many exact results can be obtained in 1D for cross benchmarking, such as Bethe Ansatz, Bosonization, Bose-Fermi mapping, etc. In addition, many numerical methods, such as Matrix-Product-State based and Monte Carlo methods, work most efficiently in 1D. In recent years, 1D quantum gases have been realized in many cold atom labs, providing experimental motivation for their studies. One of the most mysterious assumptions about a system of identical quantum particles is that the wavefunction must be symmetric (for bosons) or anti-symmetric (for fermions). This means that no two fermions can occupy the same state, while multiple occupancy is allowed for bosons. Bosons and fermions are therefore generally very different. But in 1D this distinction could become rather subtle, provided that the bosonic multiple occupancy is suppressed, which can happen if strong repulsion exists between them. However, when considering spin degrees of freedom, things become more complicated. In this work, we develop a generalized Bose-Fermi mapping theory, under which, the charge degrees of freedom is mapped to a spinless fermions, while the spin degrees of freedom to an effective spin chain. This mapping works for arbitrary spin, arbitrary trapping potentials, arbitrary spin-dependent interaction potential, and for either spinor bosons or fermions. In the strong interaction limit, the wavefunction of the system is represented by the strong coupling ansatz wavefunction (SCAW), which takes the form of a direct product of spinless fermions wavefunction and spin wavefunction. Using this mapping technique, we study the dynamics and collective modes of the system. Furthermore, we develop a very efficient method to calculate the one-body density matrix, from which we can calculate the momentum distribution of the system.