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arXiv:1612.01751

Numerical Realization of Bethe Rapidities in cold quenched systems by Feynman-Kac path integral method

Sumita Datta, Maxim Olshanii

Published Dec 6, 2016• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We apply Quantum Monte Carlo technique to analyze the non equlibrium state of a trapped 1d Bose gas just after the quenching of the confining potential. As a matter of fact we solve the time dependent Schroedinger equation for the system of one-dimensional bosons interacting via delta potential in an infinite square well (namely Lieb-Liniger model) using Feynman-Kac path integral Monte Carlo technique. These 1d systems are extremely interesting and worth investigating in the context of non-equilibrium dynamics of interacting many body systems. Even though the systems can be realized experimentally and are exactly solvable by Bethe Ansatz, the diffusion Monte Carlo is proven to be more efficient in most circumstances than other mean value techniques as the numerical method can incorporate the finite interaction very easily. Using N particle ground state wavefunction for one-dimensional hard core bosons in a harmonic trap, we develop an algorithm to calculate density. We also observe the change in the density distribution by changing the length of the hard wall box. After an increase in the box length, we still get a self-similar density distribution.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1612.01751

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We apply Quantum Monte Carlo technique to analyze the non equlibrium state of a trapped 1d Bose gas just after the quenching of the confining potential. As a matter of fact we solve the time dependent Schroedinger equation for the system of one-dimensional bosons interacting via delta potential in an infinite square well (namely Lieb-Liniger model) using Feynman-Kac path integral Monte Carlo technique. These 1d systems are extremely interesting and worth investigating in the context of non-equilibrium dynamics of interacting many body systems. Even though the systems can be realized experimentally and are exactly solvable by Bethe Ansatz, the diffusion Monte Carlo is proven to be more efficient in most circumstances than other mean value techniques as the numerical method can incorporate the finite interaction very easily. Using N particle ground state wavefunction for one-dimensional hard core bosons in a harmonic trap, we develop an algorithm to calculate density. We also observe the change in the density distribution by changing the length of the hard wall box. After an increase in the box length, we still get a self-similar density distribution.
We consider the integrable one-dimensional δ-function interacting Bose gas in a hard wall box which is exactly solved via the coordinate Bethe ansatz. The ground-state energy, including the surface energy, is derived from the Lieb– Liniger-type integral equations. The leading and correction terms are obtained in the weak and strong coupling regimes from both the discrete Bethe equations and the integral equations. This allows the investigation of both finite-size and boundary effects in the integrable model. We also study the Luttinger liquid behaviour by calculating Luttinger parameters and correlations. The hard wall boundary conditions are seen to have a strong effect on the ground-state energy and phase correlations in the weak coupling regime. Enhancement of the local two-body correlations is shown by application of the Hellmann–Feynman theorem. PACS numbers: 05.30.−d, 67.40.Db, 05.30.Jp (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version) 1.
We consider the integrable one-dimensional δ-function interacting Bose gas in a hard wall box which is exactly solved via the coordinate Bethe ansatz. The ground-state energy, including the surface energy, is derived from the Lieb–Liniger-type integral equations. The leading and correction terms are obtained in the weak and strong coupling regimes from both the discrete Bethe equations and the integral equations. This allows the investigation of both finite-size and boundary effects in the integrable model. We also study the Luttinger liquid behaviour by calculating Luttinger parameters and correlations. The hard wall boundary conditions are seen to have a strong effect on the ground-state energy and phase correlations in the weak coupling regime. Enhancement of the local two-body correlations is shown by application of the Hellmann–Feynman theorem.
We use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to exactly calculate matrix elements between eigenstates of the Lieb–Liniger model of one-dimensional bosons interacting via a two-body delta-potential. We investigate the static correlation functions of the zero-temperature ground state and their dependence on interaction strength, and analyze the effects of system size in the crossover from few-body to mesoscopic regimes for up to seven particles. We also obtain time-dependent nonequilibrium correlation functions for five particles following quenches of the interaction strength from two distinct initial states. One quench is from the noninteracting ground state and the other from a correlated ground state near the strongly interacting Tonks–Girardeau regime. The final interaction strength and conserved energy are chosen to be the same for both quenches. The integrability of the model highly constrains its dynamics, and we demonstrate that the time-averaged correlation functions following quenches from these two distinct initial conditions are both nonthermal and moreover distinct from one another.
Describing the collective behavior of many body interacting systems is a central challenge in coldatom physics. Systems confined in one dimension are particularly interesting due to the fact thatin many cases they are integrable. In this work, we focus on such systems—specifically, Bose gasessolvable via the Bethe Ansatz. We begin the thesis by preparing the background, the tools and themotivation needed in the following, inlcuding a review of the Lieb-Liniger gas, it's Bethe Ansatz andthe recent advancements in the experimental realization of it. We include a brief introduction of thetheory of Generalized Hydrodynamics as well as effective field theoretical methods, such as theLuttinger liquid theory, used to compute correlation functions in ground states of low dimensionalsystems. We then turn to the study of lattice hard core bosons out- of euqilibrium. By computing analyticalresults for the one particle density matrix of a freely expanding system of hard-core bosons from aninitial double domain wall potential we provide a fully analytical treatment of the phenomenon ofdynamical quasicondensation and discuss the emergence of off-diagonal long range order. Next, we investigate the dynamics of hard-core bosons released from a domain wall initial statein the presence of two conformal defects. The observed density profile differs from the Euler-scalehydrodynamic description due to quantum interference effects. By analyzing boson propagators, weshow that repeated scattering on the defects leads to interference patterns that cannot be capturedby the hydrodynamic approach. We derive an analytic expression for the density profile during freeexpansion and demonstrate that a modified semi-classical scattering framework is required for thedescription of systems with such conformal defects. The final part of thesis deals with the calculation of the one particle density matrix of Lieb-Lingergas in smooth trapping potentials at finite temperature and interaction strengths. We introduce amethod to obtain such correlation functions by combining long-distance asymptotics with knownshort distance expansions. For the limits of weak and strong interactions we derive analytical re-sults, as well as a general protocol for computing one-particle correlations at any arbitrary repulsiveinteraction strengths. We include a detailed explanation of the numerical method used to computeGreen's functions of field of the effective theory needed as an input to our procedure. We benchmarkour results by comparing them to exact numerical calculations and to recent experimental findings.
We use the coordinate Bethe ansatz to study the Lieb–Liniger model of a one-dimensional gas of bosons on a finite-sized ring interacting via an attractive delta-function potential. We calculate zero-temperature correlation functions for seven particles in the vicinity of the crossover to a localized solitonic state and study the dynamics of a system of four particles quenched to attractive interactions from the ideal-gas ground state. We determine the time evolution of correlation functions, as well as their temporal averages, and discuss the role of bound states in shaping the postquench correlations and relaxation dynamics.
This thesis is concerned with non-equilibrium phenomena in interacting quantum many-body systems. Specifically, we investigate the time-evolution and relaxation dynamics of Bose gases in a highly restricted geometry, which constrains the dynamics to one spatial dimension. This leads to a description of the system in terms of a simple model Hamiltonian which permits exact many-body quantum mechanical solutions due to its integrability. In the first part of this thesis, a computational method is developed to obtain experimentally relevant correlation functions in the framework of the coordinate Bethe ansatz. We employ this method to compute exact ground-state correlation functions of the Lieb-Liniger gas for up to seven particles covering the whole regime of repulsive interactions. We also investigate the dynamics of the system after an instantaneous change of the interaction strength. This quantum quench deposits large amounts of energy that cannot be dissipated due to the system being closed, and so the dynamics far from equilibrium are probed. We prepare the system in two different initial states, and quench to the same final interaction strength. The latter is determined in such a way that the added energy due to the quench is the same for both scenarios. Conventional statistical mechanics predicts the same relaxed state, but due to the integrability of the system all considered correlation functions of the relaxed states differ from each other and also from the thermal ones. We then investigate the dynamics and relaxed state for a quench from zero to repulsive interactions in more detail, focussing on the mechanism of relaxation and the involved time-scales. We find that local correlation functions relax on time-scales determined by the interaction strength, in contrast to non-local correlation functions, whose relaxation time-scale is proportional to the system size. Next, we employ the same methodology to study the one-dimensional Bose gas with attractive interactions. In this case many-body bound states are permissible solutions of the Lieb-Liniger model. We compare exact ground-state correlation functions of up to seven particles to their corresponding mean-field solution. The latter displays a quantum phase transition at a critical interaction strength, marking the transition from a uniform-density state to a localized bright soliton. Our exact results agree remarkably well with the corresponding mean-field solution past the critical point. We also investigate the dynamics following an interaction strength quench, starting again from the non-interacting ground state. Bound states strongly influence correlation functions for all post-quench interaction strengths, and local correlation functions are largely increased compared to their initial value. In the last part of this thesis, we investigate the behavior of the one-dimensional Bose gas under periodic driving of the interaction strength. To this end, we extend the coordinate Bethe-ansatz formalism by employing Floquet theory to obtain solutions for the full time- dependent Hamiltonian. This realizes an extension to non-integrable systems in a way that allows controlled breaking of integrability. We compare the dynamics of the system following an interaction quench to a fixed final interaction strength to that of a system with periodically modulated post-quench interaction strength. For fast driving, the system evolves according to the time-averaged Hamiltonian and correlation functions are nearly identical to those of the undriven system. The response of the system qualitatively changes at resonances of the time-averaged Hamiltonian, where we observe energy absorption and a marked change in correlation functions. However, the system does not absorb energy indefinitely.