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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

Silica PLC-based Polarization Beam Splitter for 780 nm Free-Space Quantum Key Distribution Applications

Joong‐Seon Choe, Byung‐Seok Choi, Heasin Ko, Chun Ju Youn

Published Jan 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Polarization beam splitter (PBS) for 780 nm wavelength was developed in order to be applied to free-space quantum key distribution applications. Short wavelength compared to telecommunication wavelength requires several differences in fabricating silica planar lightwave circuit devices. In this study, we fabricated silica PBS having polarization extinction ratio of 16.0dB at 780 nm.

DOI
10.1364/acpc.2016.af2a.45

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Silica Planar Lightwave Circuit Based Integrated 1 ×\times× 4 Polarization Beam Splitter Module for Free-Space BB84 Quantum Key Distribution
We have developed an integrated polarization beam splitter (PBS) module with silica planar lightwave circuit technology for use in BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD). The PBS module is designed to operate on four linear polarizations of the horizontal/vertical/diagonal/antidiagonal direction, and shows the minimum polarization extinction ratio of 17.6 dB. When the module is loaded on the free-space BB84 QKD test-bed, quantum bit error rate and sifted key rate are 2.81% and 415 kb/s at clock rate of 100 MHz, respectively.
Silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices can offer great potential for quantum key distribution (QKD) with the benefits of low-loss, low-cost, large-scale integration, miniaturization, stability and mass production. A quantum decoding integrated chip for QKD based on silica PLC technology was demonstrated, which consists of a variable optical splitter (VOS), an asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) with a thermo-optic phase modulator (TOPM) and a delay line (DL) whose delay time is 400ps, and a variable directional coupler (VDC). The balanced pulsepairs of double channels with measured delay times of 396ps and 398ps respectively were obtained in the conditions of both classical optics and single-photon transmissions. The chip has advantageous to achieve high interference visibilities of double channels simultaneously for BB84 phase and time-bin protocols.
Many improvements are required to bring quantum key distribution (QKD) from the laboratory to the commercial market, such as simplifying structure and enhancing stability. In this letter, a QKD module based on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) has been proposed. The chip inside module is based on silica-silicon material and composed of various optical splitter, asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer and directional coupler. The module can allow users adjust temperature stably. The interference visibility can be high to 96% merely by controlling and stabilizing temperature and voltage of the module through self-interfering method which showed its potential in practical application.
Quantum key distribution can realize unconditional security of communication. Here, a quantum decoding chip based on silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform, which is compatible for multiprotocol has been demonstrated. PLC technology provides stability, high integration, and practicality for the chip, whereas silica-on-silicon material makes it low loss and low cost. The chip is integrated with three variable optical splitters, two asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers, and four variable directional couplers. The interference visibility is investigated by self-interfering method, and the results showed it is high to 98.2% under temperature control. The extinction ratio for the phase states is kept between 23 and 25 dB for 6 h without active phase correction.
Silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices can reduce transmission loss and cost in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system, and have potential applications in integration and production. A PLC-based quantum decoding integrated chip for multi-protocols is designed and fabricated, which is composed of variable optical splitters (VOSs), asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometers (AMZIs), and variable directional couplers (VDCs). Balanced pulse-pairs of four outputs are obtained simultaneously with measured delay times of 405 ps and 402 ps, respectively. The chip has advantages in achieving high interference visibility and low quantum bit error rate (QBER).