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Intensity correlations and anticorrelations in a three-level cascade system

Shaik Liyakhath Ahmed, Preethi N. Wasnik, Suneel Pratap Singh, P. Anantha Lakshmi

Published Nov 2, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s12043-016-1289-4

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We examine the intensity correlation functions of the two fluorescent fields that are emitted from the top and middle states of a doubly driven three-level atom in the cascade configuration. Novel interference effects are shown. (i) Both of the fluorescent fields have anticorrelations which can exist for long times when the applied fields are on the two-photon resonance and far off one-photon resonances. (ii) Both of the fluorescent fields have strong correlations when the applied fields are far off one- and two-photon resonances. In particular, the extremely strong correlation occurs for the photons emitted from the top state. The above phenomena are traced to the multiple interference mechanisms.
We show that strongly correlated and anticorrelated photons can be produced from two fluorescent fields emitted by a driven cascade atom with split metastable states. Depending on the choice of parameters, we have strong correlations for both fluorescent fields, anticorrelations for both, and strong correlation for one and anticorrelation for the other. In the presence of level splitting, we have two interfering cascade-dressed transitions from the top state to the antisymmetric superposition of the metastable states. The interference between the two cascade-dressed transitions is responsible for the strong correlations and anticorrelations.
Correlations between the emission of photons from an excited three-level atom with one transition more strongly driven than the other are studied. Antibunching, anticorrelation, and superbunching are exhibited in the four possible configurations: ``vee'' (V), ``lambda'' (\ensuremath{\Lambda}), and two cascades with the upper or lower transition strongly driven. We pay particular attention to the projection of the atom into particular states by the measurement of fluorescence, and its significance for detecting quantum jumps in the weak transition by observing the fluorescence from the strong transition. For incoherent excitation we find that cross antibunching (the anticorrelation between emissions of different types of photons) manifests itself as prolonged periods of darkness. For the V and the cascade configuration with a strongly driven lower transition, these periods herald the emission of a weak-transition photon; for the other cascade and the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration the periods are heralded by the emission of a weak-transition photon. For on-resonance coherent excitation, dark periods are extremely infrequent for the former two configurations, and are extremely long or infinite for the latter two.