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Physical Review Letters

Intensity Correlations of a Cooperative System.

G. S. Agarwal, L. M. Narducci, D.H. Feng, Robert Gilmore

Published Jul 16, 1979• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.43.238.3

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We suggest that the intensity correlation function could be an important tool in the study of atomic cooperative behavior because it contains predominantly components at 0, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ensuremath{\Omega}$ in the limit of large Rabi frequency ($2\ensuremath{\Omega}$) and large cooperation number. This is in contrast with the single-atom prediction where the intensity correlation function contains only frequency components at 0, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\ensuremath{\Omega}$. The master equation for the collective system is solved analytically in the secular approximation.
Cooperative effects in a system of three-level atoms in cascade configuration interacting with intense resonant fields are investigated. Analytical expressions for atomic populations in the excited levels, fluorescence intensities, and normalized intensity correlations are presented. The intensity correlations are used to test the violation of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequalities. The analytical results predict in the cooperative limit N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}, a discontinuous behavior of all atomic observables with respect to a parameter related to the field amplitudes and the atomic decay coefficients. This discontinuous behavior is analogous to a typical nonequilibrium first-order phase transition.
The intensity correlation function of the cooperative radiation from a continuously pumped three-atom system is calculated using Lehmberg's master equation supplemented by an incoherent-pumping term. Cooperative effects are found to change drastically the intensity fluctuations of the emitted radiation. Particularly, if the pumping rate is adjusted to three times the single-atom spontaneous decay rate, increased radiation, compared with that from three independently emitting atoms, should be observed, exhibiting a reduced intensity fluctuation.