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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Dopplerless spectroscopy of 6S/sub 1/2/-8P/sub 1/2,3/2/ transitions of cold atomic caesium

J.-L. Bossennec, T. Miossec, O. Gorceix, R. Barbé, J. Keller

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. The 6S/sub 1/2/-8P caesium transition at 389 nm might be a favourable candidate to provide a new secondary standard in the near UV. Moreover, high resolution spectroscopy has impressively benefited from the reduction of thermal motion by laser cooling techniques. We report on the Dopplerless spectroscopic investigation of the 6S/sub 1/2/-8P/sub 1/2,3/2/ transitions of cold caesium atoms in a vapour cell magneto-optical trap. The ultraviolet light is generated by frequency doubling the output of a Ti:sapphire laser at 778 nm in a LBO crystal. The cold atom cloud is periodically released and recaptured by switching rapidly off and on the trapping laser beams and the magnetic field gradient. The gated detection of the fluorescence light at 450 nm (7P-6S cascading transition) using a photon counting device allows the observation of unperturbed atoms. The hyperfine structure of the 8P/sub 1/2/ level. The recorded linewidth is about 800 kHz and is yet larger than the expected purely radiative one i e. 480 kHz. The influence of the magnetic field gradient and AC Stark effect on the recorded spectra have been also studied.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.907906

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Summary form only given. The 6S/sub 1/2/-8P caesium transition at 389 nm might be a favourable candidate to provide a new secondary standard in the near UV. Moreover, high resolution spectroscopy has impressively benefited from the reduction of thermal motion by laser cooling techniques. We report on the Dopplerless spectroscopic investigation of the 6S/sub 1/2/-8P/sub 1/2,3/2/ transitions of cold caesium atoms in a vapour cell magneto-optical trap. The ultraviolet light is generated by frequency doubling the output of a Ti:sapphire laser at 778 nm in a LBO crystal. The cold atom cloud is periodically released and recaptured by switching rapidly off and on the trapping laser beams and the magnetic field gradient. The gated detection of the fluorescence light at 450 nm (7P-6S cascading transition) using a photon counting device allows the observation of unperturbed atoms. The hyperfine structure of the 8P/sub 1/2/ level. The recorded linewidth is about 800 kHz and is yet larger than the expected purely radiative one i e. 480 kHz. The influence of the magnetic field gradient and AC Stark effect on the recorded spectra have been also studied.
We report what is to our knowledge the first Dopplerless high-resolution optical spectroscopy based on unperturbed atoms left nearly at rest when a vapor cell magneto-optic trap is switched off. A λ = 285 nm beam excited the 3s → 5p transition in our sample of laser trapped/cooled Na atoms from which we collected fluorescence. Excited-state 52P3/2 and 52P1/2 hyperfine interaction constants are derived with 4- and 47-fold increases, respectively, in accuracy. Future prospects for vapor-cell-based optical spectroscopy and frequency standards are considered.
Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of the near-UV Cs atom 6S1/2_{1/2}1/2​-7P1/2_{1/2}1/2​ transition in a microfabricated vapor cell
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A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of a magneto-optical trap for caesium atoms is presented. Particular emphasis has been placed on achieving high spatial number densities and low temperatures. Optimizing both of these together enables efficient evaporative cooling from a conservative trap, a procedure which has recently led to the first observations of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapour. The behaviour of a magneto-optical trap is nominally determined by four independent parameters: the detuning and intensity of the light field, the magnetic field gradient and the number of trapped atoms. A model is presented which incorporates previous treatments into a single description of the trap that encompasses a wide range of its behaviour. This model was tested quantitatively by measuring the temperature of the cloud and its spatial distribution as a function of the four parameters. The maximum density was found to be limited both by the reabsorption of photons scattered within the cloud and by a reduction of the confining force at small light shifts. The nonlinear variation with position of the restoring force was found to be significant in limiting the number of atoms confined to a high density. A maximum density in phase space (defined as the number of atoms in a box with sides of dimension one thermal de Broglie wavelength) of (1.5 ± 0.5) x 10-5 was observed, with a spatial density of 1.5 x 1011 atoms per cm3. Cold collision losses from a caesium magneto-optical trap have been studied with the purpose of assessing their influence on spatial densities. In contrast to previous measurements of similar quantities, these measurements did not require the use of an ultra-low (< 10-10 Torr) background vapour pressure. The dependence of the cold collision loss coefficient β on the trapping intensity was measured to permit identification of the different cold collision processes. The largest loss rates observed were those due to hyperfine structure-changing collisions, with a coefficient β = (2±1) x 10-10cm3s-1. A study is presented of a modified magneto-optical trap in which a fraction of the population is shelved into a hyperfine level that does not interact with the trapping light. In this so-called "dark" magneto-optical trap, improved densities of nearly 1012cm-3 have been previously reported for sodium. The application of the technique to caesium is not straightforward due to the larger excited state hyperfine splittings. A simple theory for caesium is presented and its main predictions verified by measurements of density, number and temperature. A density of nearly 1012cm,-3 was indeed obtained but at a temperature substantially higher than in the conventional magneto-optical trap.
 A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of a magneto-optical trap for caesium atoms is presented. Particular emphasis has been placed on achieving high spatial number densities and low temperatures. Optimizing both of these together enables efficient evaporative cooling from a conservative trap, a procedure which has recently led to the first observations of Bose-Einstein condensation in a dilute atomic vapour. The behaviour of a magneto-optical trap is nominally determined by four independent parameters: the detuning and intensity of the light field, the magnetic field gradient and the number of trapped atoms. A model is presented which incorporates previous treatments into a single description of the trap that encompasses a wide range of its behaviour. This model was tested quantitatively by measuring the temperature of the cloud and its spatial distribution as a function of the four parameters. The maximum density was found to be limited both by the reabsorption of photons scattered within the cloud and by a reduction of the confining force at small light shifts. The nonlinear variation with position of the restoring force was found to be significant in limiting the number of atoms confined to a high density. A maximum density in phase space (defined as the number of atoms in a box with sides of dimension one thermal de Broglie wavelength) of (1.5 ± 0.5) x 10-5 was observed, with a spatial density of 1.5 x 1011 atoms per cm3. Cold collision losses from a caesium magneto-optical trap have been studied with the purpose of assessing their influence on spatial densities. In contrast to previous measurements of similar quantities, these measurements did not require the use of an ultra-low ( A study is presented of a modified magneto-optical trap in which a fraction of the population is shelved into a hyperfine level that does not interact with the trapping light. In this so-called dark magneto-optical trap, improved densities of nearly 1012cm-3 have been previously reported for sodium. The application of the technique to caesium is not straightforward due to the larger excited state hyperfine splittings. A simple theory for caesium is presented and its main predictions verified by measurements of density, number and temperature. A density of nearly 1012cm,-3 was indeed obtained but at a temperature substantially higher than in the conventional magneto-optical trap.
We report on the observation of the highly forbidden 1S0–3P0 optical clock transition in laser-cooled 199Hg atoms. More than 95% depletion of cold 199Hg atoms is detected in the magneto-optical trap. Using the free-of-field detection method, the AC Stark shift from the cooling laser is removed from the in-field spectroscopy. At low-power clock laser pumping, the linewidth of the clock spectroscopy is approximately 450 kHz (full width at half-maximum), which corresponds to a Doppler broadening at the atom temperature of 60 μK. We determine the 1S0–3P0 transition frequency to be 1,128,575,290.819(14) MHz by referencing with a hydrogen maser and measuring with a fiber optical frequency comb. Moreover, a weak Doppler-free signal is observed.