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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Laser induced selective adsorption of neutral atoms

Martine Chevrollier, E. G. Lima, H.N. de Freitas, P. Chaves de Souza Segundo, Orlando Di Lorenzo, Marcos Oriá

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. In atom optics, techniques were proposed to confine atoms in 2D waveguides utilizing light potentials or static magnetic fields on surfaces. For atoms close to the surface at distances shorter than the optical wavelength, the atoms-surface van der Waals interaction is inevitable and represents a complicating factor for these experiments. Here we propose to confine neutral atoms directly in a particular state of a surface potential well thanks to a laser induced Raman transfer connecting optical transitions of free cold atoms to the surface bound states. We numerically solve the 1D Schrodinger equation for cesium atom parameters. To populate the atom-surface long range states we consider cold Cs atoms near a dielectric surface interacting simultaneously with two resonant lasers.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.907942

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Summary form only given. In atom optics, techniques were proposed to confine atoms in 2D waveguides utilizing light potentials or static magnetic fields on surfaces. For atoms close to the surface at distances shorter than the optical wavelength, the atoms-surface van der Waals interaction is inevitable and represents a complicating factor for these experiments. Here we propose to confine neutral atoms directly in a particular state of a surface potential well thanks to a laser induced Raman transfer connecting optical transitions of free cold atoms to the surface bound states. We numerically solve the 1D Schrodinger equation for cesium atom parameters. To populate the atom-surface long range states we consider cold Cs atoms near a dielectric surface interacting simultaneously with two resonant lasers.
We study the photoassociative process between cold atoms and a surface. A mechanism to confine free cold atoms in a planar waveguide, characterized by the long-range atom-surface van der Waals potential and based on radiative transitions, is presented. We propose that the vibrational states of this potential can be probed by reflection spectroscopy, giving information about the C3{C}_{3}C3​ van der Waals coefficients.
The dipolar interaction between neutral atoms and non-resonant surfaces results in attractive potentials.We describe here techniques to probe these interactions, particulary focussing in mechanisms to selectively prepare adsorption quantum states. The control of the external degrees of freedom of atoms very close to a surface allows one, in the one hand, to get values for the parameters of the potentials between neutral atoms and solid surfaces and, on the other hand, to develop schemes to explore matter behavior at low dimensionality. As an application for the 2D confined atomic matter-wave we consider Bloch oscillation for atoms in a periodic surface potential.
Contemporary experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with gas-phase neutral atoms rely increasingly on laser cooling and optical, magneto-optical or magnetostatic trapping methods to provide atomic localization with sub-micron uncertainty. Difficult to achieve in free space, this goal is further frustrated by atom-surface interactions if the desired atomic placement approaches within several hundred nanometers of a solid surface, as can be the case in setups incorporating monolithic dielectric optical resonators such as microspheres, microtoroids, microdisks or photonic crystal defect cavities. Typically in such scenarios, the smallest atom-surface separation at which the van der Waals interaction can be neglected is taken to be the optimal localization point for associated trapping schemes, but this sort of conservative strategy generally compromises the achievable cavity QED coupling strength. Here we suggest a new approach to the design of optical dipole traps for atom confinement near surfaces that exploits strong surface interactions, rather than avoiding them, and present the results of a numerical study based on (39)K atoms and indium tin oxide (ITO). Our theoretical framework points to the possibility of utilizing nanopatterning methods to engineer novel modifications of atom-surface interactions.
Two-dimensional systems are of great interest in physics as the celebrated quantum-Hall effects show, which are based on a 2D electron gas. Neutral systems involve thin He films and spin polarized atomic hydrogen in a cryogenic environment, where the successful creation of a 2D quasi-condensate was recently reported. Over the last years, with laser cooling and trapping techniques at hand, several schemes for the preparation of laser cooled atomic 2D gases have been proposed. Low dimensional gases are discussed as keys to achieve high density samples of purely optically cooled atoms, since the reabsorption of scattered photons is greatly suppressed compared to the situation in 3D. On the other hand, by structuring 2D waveguide light fields laterally, very versatile "integrated atom optical" elements can be realized. We have prepared a quasi-2D gas of argon atoms confined in a planar matter waveguide less than 1 /spl mu/m away from a reflecting surface. We trap metastable Ar/sup +/ atoms in the ls/sub 5/(J=2) state in a magneto-optical trap. Upon release, they fall towards a gold coated prism surface where an evanescent light field is generated by resonant excitation of surface plasmons in the gold layer. This light field is blue detuned from the 1s/sub 5//spl hArr/2p/sub 9/(J=3) transition and hence creates a repulsive potential which slows down the falling atoms.
The strong evanescent field around ultrathin unclad optical fibers bears a high potential for detecting, trapping, and manipulating cold atoms. Introducing such a fiber into a cold-atom cloud, we investigate the interaction of a small number of cold cesium atoms with the guided fiber mode and with the fiber surface. Using high resolution spectroscopy, we observe and analyze light-induced dipole forces, van der Waals interaction, and a significant enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the atoms. The latter can be assigned to the modification of the vacuum modes by the fiber.
The purpose of this paper is a theoretical study of forces induced by a laser beam on nonresonant cold atoms in the vicinity of a metallic surface. We use the same quantum electrodynamics formalism to study and compare all the kinds of forces which can occur. In a first step, when no incident light is present, forces are caused by exchanges of virtual photons and we recover the monoatomic Casimir force and the interatomic van der Waals force, modified by surfaces effects. In a second step, a laser beam is present and we calculate the induced gradient force on one atom and the interatomic light-induced force, which is a binding when similar atoms are considered. Laser light creates interference fringes above the metallic surface which induces an energy grating, where individual atoms could be trapped. Then we study the optical binding for various atoms positions in the fringes. We compare these forces near a perfect metallic surface and the same forces in free space.